大兴安岭不同火烧年限森林凋落物和土壤C、N、P化学计量特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201605.030

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 测定大兴安岭林区不同火烧年限(火后4、14、40、70和120年内未火烧)、不同坡度(坡地、平地)凋落物和土壤C、N、P含量及其化学计量比,分析火烧对凋落物和土壤养分的长期影响及两者之间的关系.结果表明: 不同火烧年限凋落物和土壤C、N、P化学计量特征差异显著,凋落物C含量变化不大.凋落物N、P含量随火烧年限的增加而增加,在火后4和14年较低,在火后40年恢复到对照(未火烧)水平.凋落物C∶N和C∶P值随火烧年限增加而下降,N∶P值则呈上升趋势.土壤C、N、P含量及其比值随土层深度增加而降低.坡地土壤C含量随火烧年限增加而增加,在火后70年显著高于对照,在平地差异不显著.火烧年限和坡度的交互作用影响土壤P含量和C∶P值.坡地土壤P含量在火后4年高于对照,而平地在火后40年高于对照;坡地C∶P值在火后14年达到对照水平,而平地与对照差异不显著.冗余分析表明,有机质层土壤的坡度效应大于年限效应,矿质层土壤主要受年限效应影响.火后4和14年凋落物及土壤养分含量低于对照,随着火烧年限的增加,植被生长迅速同时凋落物分解加快,凋落物质量及土壤养分质量不断提高,在火后40年恢复到未火烧水平,趋于稳定状态.

Abstract: We investigated the fire impacts on nutrients in litter and soil, and their C:N:P stoichio-metry in forests of Great Xing’an Mountains. The studied sites differed in their burning year (post-fire 4, 14, 40, 70 years and unburned within 120 years) and had different topographic locations (sloped land and flat land). The results showed that there were significant differences in stoichio-metry characteristics of C, N, P for both litter and soil with different burning years. No significant fluctuation was observed for the litter C content, while the contents of litter N and P increased with the increasing post-fire recovery years. In specific, we found the contents of litter N and P decreased at post-fire 4 and 14 years and nearly recovered to the control level at 40 years after fire. Additionally, C:N and C:P ratios of litter decreased, but N:P ratio of litter increased following post-fire recovery time. The contents of C, N, P and their ratios (C:N, C:P and N:P) in soil decreased with soil depth. Soil C content exhibited an increasing trend following post-fire recovery time and was significantly higher than the control at post-fire 70 years in sloped land, but no significant difference in the flat land. Significant interactive effects between fire history and slope were observed in soil P content and C:P ratio. Soil P content was higher than the control at post-fire 4 years in sloped land, but was higher than the control at post-fire 40 years in flat land. The C:P ratio recovered to the control level at post-fire 14 years in sloped land, and there was no significant diffe-rence in flat land. Redundancy analysis showed that slope effect played a more vital role than fire history effect in soil organic layer, while fire history effect was the most important factor for the varia-tion of soil nutrients in soil mineral layer. In our study, nutrients of litter and soil were lower than the control level at post-fire 4 and 14 years. The quality of litter and soil was improved with accele-rated plant growth and litter decomposition following post-fire recovery time and recovered to the pre-fire level at post-fire 40 years, reaching a steady status.

杨新芳, 鲍雪莲, 胡国庆, 邵帅, 周锋, 叶佳舒, 解宏图, 梁超. 大兴安岭不同火烧年限森林凋落物和土壤C、N、P化学计量特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(5): 1359-1367.

YANG Xin-fang, BAO Xue-lian, HU Guo-qing, SHAO Shuai, ZHOU Feng, YE Jia-shu, XIE Hong-tu, LIANG Chao. C:N:P stoichiometry characteristics of litter and soil of forests in Great Xing’an Mountains with different fire years.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(5): 1359-1367.

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