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应用生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (7): 2363-2371.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201607.015

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

上海市不同类型城市森林中小型土壤动物群落结构特征

靳士科1, 王娟娟1, 朱莎1, 张琪1, 黎翔1, 郑文静1, 由文辉1,2*   

  1. 1华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院, 上海 200241;
    2上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室, 上海 200241
  • 收稿日期:2015-11-12 发布日期:2016-07-18
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: youwenhui1964@126.com
  • 作者简介:靳士科,男,1989年生,硕士研究生. 主要从事土壤生态学研究. E-mail: shikejinv@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本文由上海市科学技术委员会项目(13231202404)资助

Soil meso- and micro-fauna community structures in different urban forest types in Shanghai, China.

JIN Shi-ke1, WANG Juan-juan1, ZHU Sha1, ZHANG Qi1, LI Xiang1, ZHENG Wen-jing1, YOU Wen-hui1,2*   

  1. 1School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
    2Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai 200241, China
  • Received:2015-11-12 Published:2016-07-18
  • Contact: *E-mail: youwenhui1964@126.com
  • Supported by:
    This paper was supported by the Program of Shanghai Science and Technology Commison(13231202404).

摘要: 于2014年4月(春季)、7月(夏季)、10月(秋季)和2015年1月(冬季)对上海市4种城市森林中小型土壤动物群落进行调查,共捕获土壤动物2190只,隶属于6门15纲22个类群,优势类群为线虫纲和蜱螨亚纲,分别占总密度的56.0%和21.8%,常见类群为线蚓科、轮虫纲、弹尾纲和膜翅目,共占总密度的18.7%.不同类型城市森林中小型土壤动物密度存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中,水杉林密度最高,香樟林最低;类群数以近自然林最高,水杉林最低.各林地中小型土壤动物群落结构具有明显的季节动态,整体表现为秋、冬季密度值较高,夏、秋季类群数较高.在垂直分布上,香樟林表聚程度最为突出,近自然林各层分布相对均匀.密度-类群指数(DG)大小顺序为近自然林(6.953)>香樟林(6.351)>悬铃木林(6.313)>水杉林(5.910),该指数可以较好地表征各林地的群落多样性.冗余分析(RDA)显示,土壤容重、土壤有机质、土壤总氮等是影响城市森林中小型土壤动物群落结构的主要环境因子,其中蜱螨亚纲和线蚓科与土壤有机质和总氮呈正相关,双翅目幼虫和轮虫纲与土壤含水量呈正相关.

Abstract: Soil meso- and micro-fauna of four urban forest types in Shanghai were investigated in four months which include April 2014, July 2014, October 2014 and January 2015. A total of 2190 soil fauna individuals which belong to 6 phyla, 15 classes and 22 groups were collected. The dominant groups were Nematoda and Arcari, accounting for 56.0% and 21.8% of the total in terms of individual numbers respectively. The common groups were Enchytraeidae, Rotatoria, Collembola and Hymenoptera and they accounted for 18.7% of the total in terms of individual numbers. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) among soil meso- and micro-fauna density in the four urban forest types and the largest density was found in Metasequoia glyptostroboides forest, the smallest in Cinnamomum camphora forest. The largest groupe number was found in near-nature forest, the smallest was found in M. glyptostroboides forest. There was obvious seasonal dynamics in each urban forest type and green space which had larger density in autumn and larger groupe number in summer and autumn. In soil profiles, the degree of surface accumulation of soil meso- and micro-fauna in C. camphora forest was higher than in other forests and the vertical distribution of soil meso- and micro-fauna in near-nature forest was relatively homogeneous in four layers. Density-group index was ranked as: near-nature forest (6.953)> C. camphora forest (6.351)> Platanus forest (6.313)>M. glyptostroboides forest (5.910). The community diversity of soil fauna in each vegetation type could be displayed preferably by this index. It could be inferred through redundancy analysis (RDA) that the soil bulk density, organic matter and total nitrogen were the main environmental factors influencing soil meso- and micro-fauna community structure in urban forest. The positive correlations occurred between the individual number of Arcari, Enchytraeidae and soil organic matter and total nitrogen, as well as between the individual number of Diptera larvae, Rotatoria and soil water content.