长期施肥条件下西南黄壤旱地有效磷对磷盈亏的响应

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201607.032

应用生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (7): 2321-2328.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201607.032

长期施肥条件下西南黄壤旱地有效磷对磷盈亏的响应

李渝^1,2, 刘彦伶^1,2, 张雅蓉^1,2, 申艳³, 张文安^1,2, 蒋太明^2,4*

¹贵州省农业资源与环境研究所, 贵阳 550006;
²农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站, 贵阳 550006;
³中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081;
⁴贵州省农业科学院, 贵阳 550006

收稿日期:2015-12-29 发布日期:2016-07-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: jtm532@163.com
作者简介:李渝,男,1983年生,硕士,副研究员.主要从事土壤环境质量方面的研究.E-mail: liyu83110@163.com
基金资助:
本文由公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030)、贵州省农业科学院自主创新专项(2014007)和贵州省科技计划项目(NY[2012]3082,[2013]4002)资助

Response of Olsen-P to P balance in yellow soil upland of southwestern China under long-term fertilization.

LI Yu^1,2, LIU Yan-ling^1,2, ZHANG Ya-rong^1,2, SHEN Yan³, ZHANG Wen-an^1,2, JIANG Tai-ming^2,4*

¹Guizhou Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guiyang 550006, China;
²Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agriculture Environment Guizhou, Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang 550006, China;
³Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
⁴Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China

Received:2015-12-29 Published:2016-07-18
Contact: *E-mail: jtm532@163.com
Supported by:
This work was supported by the Public Welfare Industry (Agriculture) Research Project (201203030), the Independent Innovation Project of Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2014007), and the Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province (NY, [2012]3082, [2013]4002).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以贵州黄壤肥力与肥效长期定位试验为平台,探究有效磷(Olsen-P)与土壤累积磷盈亏、磷肥用量的关系,确定西南黄壤旱地最佳磷肥施肥量,通过Mitscherlich方程模拟作物相对产量对土壤Olsen-P的响应关系,明确西南黄壤旱地的农学阈值.结果表明: 施用磷肥可显著提高土壤Olsen-P含量,不同施磷处理间提升幅度主要与磷肥施用量有关;不施磷处理土壤磷素一直处于亏缺状态,施磷处理土壤磷素有盈余,其中全量有机肥配施全量化肥处理(MNPK)作物吸磷量和磷素盈余量最高,同等施磷水平下,与单施化肥处理(NPK)相比,有机肥配施化肥处理(1/4 M +3/4 NPK、1/2 M +1/2 NPK)更能促进作物对磷素的吸收,提高磷素累积利用率.土壤累积磷盈亏与土壤Olsen-P增量呈显著直线相关关系(P<0.05),土壤中磷素每盈余100 kg·hm^-2,MNPK、1/4 M +3/4 NPK、1/2 M +1/2 NPK、NPK处理Olsen-P分别增加16.4、13.0、21.4、5.6 mg·kg^-1,有机肥与化肥配施能有效增加土壤Olsen-P含量.西南黄壤旱地Olsen-P的农学阈值为22.4 mg·kg^-1;土壤每年磷盈亏和Olsen-P含量与磷肥施用量呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),磷肥用量(纯P)为每年33.3 kg·hm^-2时,土壤磷盈亏呈持平状态,Olsen-P农学阈值对应的施肥量(纯P)为每年45.9 kg·hm^-2.西南黄壤旱地Olsen-P含量主要与施磷水平有关,当年施磷量为45.9 kg·hm^-2时可获得最佳的作物产量,磷肥利用率高;当年施磷量高于45.9 kg·hm^-2时,作物产量对磷肥用量无响应,大量磷素累积在土壤中,增加了磷素的环境流失风险.西南黄壤旱地长期施用有机肥处理单位累积磷盈余量提升土壤Olsen-P的速率大于单施化学磷肥处理.

Abstract: Based on a long-term fertilization experiment in Guizhou Province, we explored the relationships between the soil available phosphorus (Olsen-P), soil apparent P balance and P application rate in order to quantify the best application rate of P fertilizer in yellow upland soil of southwestern China. Moreover, the response curve of crop yield to soil Olsen-P was fitted by Mitscherlich equation to determine the critical content of Olsen-P for crop yield. The results showed that the long-term application of P fertilizer could significantly increase the content of soil Olsen-P, and the increasing rates of Olsen-P across different treatments could be mainly explained by the application rate of P fertilizer. Under no-P treatment, the soil P content was in a deficient state for each year, while it displayed a surplus state in the treatments with P fertilizer, and the crop P uptake and P accumulation were found the highest under MNPK treatment. In contrast to single application of chemical fertilizer treatment (NPK), the combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (1/4 M+3/4 NPK, 1/2 M+1/2 NPK) could enhance crop P uptake and improve accumulative P use efficiency. The soil apparent P balance was significantly (P<0.05) correlated with soil Olsen-P. With average P accumulation of 100 kg·hm^-2, the soil Olsen-P increased by 16.4, 13.0 , 21.4 , and 5.6 mg·kg^-1 in the treatments of MNPK, 1/4 M+3/4 NPK, 1/2 M+1/2 NPK, and NPK, respectively. The result showed that combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could effectively increase the soil Olsen-P content, and the critical value of soil Olsen-P was 22.4 mg·kg^-1 in yellow upland soil of southwestern China. The soil P balance and Olsen-P content were significantly (P<0.01) correlated with the annual P application rate. When the amount of average P application was 33.3 kg P·hm^-2·a^-1, the budgets of soil P balance remained stable, and the application rate of P fertilizer corresponding to the critical value of soil Olsen-P for crop yield was 45.9 kg P·hm^-2·a^-1. The content of soil Oslen P was mainly affected by the P fertilizer input amount. When the average P application rate was 45.9 kg P·hm^-2·a^-1, higher crop yield and P fertilizer efficiency would be achieved. When the average P application rate was greater than 45.9 kg P·hm^-2·a^-1, crop yield showed no response to P fertilizer input, but resulted in a large amount of P surplus in soil, thereby increasing the environmental risk of soil P loss. The long-term application of manure resulted in a higher increase of Olsen-P than the single chemical P ferti-lizer.

李渝, 刘彦伶, 张雅蓉, 申艳, 张文安, 蒋太明. 长期施肥条件下西南黄壤旱地有效磷对磷盈亏的响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(7): 2321-2328.

LI Yu, LIU Yan-ling, ZHANG Ya-rong, SHEN Yan, ZHANG Wen-an, JIANG Tai-ming. Response of Olsen-P to P balance in yellow soil upland of southwestern China under long-term fertilization.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(7): 2321-2328.

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长期施肥条件下西南黄壤旱地有效磷对磷盈亏的响应

Response of Olsen-P to P balance in yellow soil upland of southwestern China under long-term fertilization.

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