[1] Gower ST, Kucharik CJ, Norman JM. Direct and indirect estimation of leaf area index, fAPAR, and net primary production of terrestrial ecosystems. Remote Sensing of Environment, 1999, 70: 29-51 [2] Eriksson H, Eklundh L, Hall K, et al. Estimating LAI in deciduous forest stands. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2005, 129: 27-37 [3] Bréda NJ. Ground-based measurements of leaf area index: A review of methods, instruments and current controversies. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2003, 54: 2403-2417 [4] Barr AG, Black TA, Hogg EH, et al. Inter-annual variability in the leaf area index of a boreal aspen-hazelnut forest in relation to net ecosystem production. Agricul-tural and Forest Meteorology, 2004, 126: 237-255 [5] Richardson AD, Anderson RS, Arain MA, et al. Terrestrial biosphere models need better representation of vegetation phenology: Results from the North American Carbon Program Site Synthesis. Global Change Biology, 2012, 18: 566-584 [6] Doughty CE, Goulden ML. Seasonal patterns of tropical forest leaf area index and CO2 exchange. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 2008, 113: doi: 10.1029/2007JG000590 [7] Stenberg P, Rautiainen M, Manninen T, et al. Reduced simple ratio better than NDVI for estimating LAI in Finnish pine and spruce stands. Silva Fennica, 2004, 38: 3-14 [8] Chen JM, Cihlar J. Retrieving leaf area index of boreal conifer forests using Landsat TM images. Remote Sensing of Environment, 1996, 55: 153-162 [9] Wang Q, Adiku S, Tenhunen J, et al. On the relationship of NDVI with leaf area index in a deciduous forest site. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2005, 94: 244-255 [10] Hird JN, McDermid GJ. Noise reduction of NDVI time series: An empirical comparison of selected techniques. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2009, 113: 248-258 [11] Hwang T, Song C, Bolstad PV, et al. Downscaling real-time vegetation dynamics by fusing multi-temporal MODIS and Landsat NDVI in topographically complex terrain. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2011, 115: 2499-2512 [12] Kovalskyy V, Roy DP, Zhang XY, et al. The suitability of multi-temporal web-enabled Landsat data NDVI for phenological monitoring: A comparison with flux tower and MODIS NDVI. Remote Sensing Letters, 2012, 3: 325-334 [13] Liu Q, Fu YH, Zeng Z, et al. Temperature, precipita-tion, and insolation effects on autumn vegetation pheno-logy in temperate China. Global Change Biology, 2015, 22: 644-655 [14] Potithep S, Nagai S, Nasahara KN, et al. Two separate periods of the LAI-VIs relationships using in situ mea-surements in a deciduous broadleaf forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2013, 169: 148-155 [15] Tittebrand A, Spank U, Bernhofer C. Comparison of sa-tellite- and ground-based NDVI above different land-use types. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2009, 98: 171-186 [16] Liu Y-B (柳艺博), Ju W-M (居为民), Chen J-M (陈镜明), et al. Spatial and temporal variations of fo-rest LAI in China during 2000-2010. Chinese Science Bulletin (科学通报), 2012, 57(16): 1435-1445 (in Chinese) [17] Chen X (陈 厦), Sang W-G (桑卫国). Dynamics of leaf area index and canopy openness for three forest communities in the warm temperate zone of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2007, 31(3): 431-436 (in Chinese) [18] Wohlfahrt G, Pilloni S, Hörtnagl L, et al. Estimating carbon dioxide fluxes from temperate mountain grasslands using broad-band vegetation indices. Biogeosciences, 2010, 7: 683-694 [19] Gianelle D, Vescovo L, Marcolla B, et al. Ecosystem carbon fluxes and canopy spectral reflectance of a mountain meadow. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2009, 30: 435-449 [20] Guan D-X (关德新), Wu J-B (吴家兵), Wang A-Z (王安志), et al. Simulation of crown leaf area index of Korean pine and broadleaved mixed forest in Changbai Mountain. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2007, 18(3): 499-503 (in Chinese) [21] Huemmrich KF, Black TA, Jarvis PG, et al. High temporal resolution NDVI phenology from micrometeorological radiation sensors. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1999, 104: 27935-27944 [22] Balzarolo M, Anderson K, Nichol C, et al. Ground-based optical measurements at European flux sites: A review of methods, instruments and current controversies. Sensors, 2011, 11: 7954-7981 [23] Richardson AD, Klosterman S, Toomey M. Near-surface Sensor-derived Phenology, Phenology: An Integrative Environmental Science. Berlin: Springer, 2013: 413-430 [24] Rocha AV, Shaver GR. Advantages of a two band EVI calculated from solar and photosynthetically active radiation fluxes. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2009, 149: 1560-1563 [25] Jiang ZY, Huete AR, Didan K, et al. Development of a two-band enhanced vegetation index without a blue band. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2008, 112: 3833-3845 [26] Wang Q, Iio A, Kakubari Y. Broadband simple ratio closely traced seasonal trajectory of canopy photosynthe-tic capacity. Geophysical Research Letters, 2008, 35: doi: 10.1029/2008GL033619 [27] Wang Q, Tenhunen J, Dinh NQ, et al. Similarities in ground- and satellite-based NDVI time series and their relationship to physiological activity of a Scots pine forest in Finland. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2004, 93: 225-237 [28] Wilson TB, Meyers TP. Determining vegetation indices from solar and photosynthetically active radiation fluxes. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2007, 144: 160-179 [29] Gu L, Fuentes JD, Shugart HH, et al. Responses of net ecosystem exchanges of carbon dioxide to changes in cloudiness: Results from two North American deciduous forests. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1999, 104: 31421-31434 [30] Soudani K, Hmimina G, Delpierre N, et al. Ground-based Network of NDVI measurements for tracking temporal dynamics of canopy structure and vegetation phenology in different biomes. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2012, 123: 234-245 [31] Jiao Z (焦 振), Wang C-K (王传宽), Wang X-C (王兴昌). Spatio-temporal variations of CO2 concentration within the canopy in a temperate deciduous forest, Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2011, 35(5): 512-522 (in Chinese) [32] Liu F (刘 帆), Wang C-K (王传宽), Wang X-C (王兴昌), et al. Spatial patterns of biomass in the temperate broadleaved deciduous forest within the fetch of the Maoershan flux tower. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2016, 39(20): doi: 10.5846/stxb201502270392 (in Chinese) [33] Ross J, Sulev M. Sources of errors in measurements of PAR. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2000, 100: 103-125 [34] Jenkins JP, Richardson AD, Braswell BH, et al. Refining light-use efficiency calculations for a deciduous forest canopy using simultaneous tower-based carbon flux and radiometric measurements. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2007, 143: 64-79 [35] Warton DI, Wright IJ, Falster DS, et al. Bivariate line-fitting methods for allometry. Biological Reviews, 2006, 81: 259-291 [36] Pérez-Harguindeguy N, Díaz S, Garnier E, et al. New handbook for standardised measurement of plant functional traits worldwide. Australian Journal of Botany, 2013, 61: 167-234 [37] Bylesjö M, Segura V, Soolanayakanahally RY, et al. LAMINA: A tool for rapid quantification of leaf size and shape parameters. BMC Plant Biology, 2008, 8: doi: 10.1186/1471-2229-8-82 [38] Liu ZL, Wang XC, Chen JM, et al. On improving the accuracy of digital hemispherical photography measurements of seasonal leaf area index variation in deciduous broadleaf forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2015, 45: 721-731 [39] Ahrends HE, Brügger R, Stöckli R, et al. Quantitative phenological observations of a mixed beech forest in northern Switzerland with digital photography. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 2008, 113: doi: 10.1029/2007JG000650 [40] Richardson AD, Jenkins JP, Braswell BH, et al. Use of digital webcam images to track spring green-up in a deciduous broadleaf forest. Oecologia, 2007, 152: 323-334 [41] Mizunuma T, Wilkinson M, Eaton EL, et al. The relationship between carbon dioxide uptake and canopy colour from two camera systems in a deciduous forest in southern England. Functional Ecology, 2013, 27: 196-207 [42] Yu Y (于 颖), Fan W-Y (范文义), Yang X-G (杨曦光). Comparisons of three models for vegetation canopy bi-directional reflectance distribution function. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2012, 36(1): 55-62 (in Chinese) [43] Yang F (杨 飞), Zhang B (张 柏), Li F-X (李凤秀), et al. Diurnal changes of photosynthetically active radiation parameters in soybean and corn canopies. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 2007, 26(8): 1153-1158 (in Chinese) [44] Cao RY, Shen MG, Chen J, et al. A simple method to simulate diurnal courses of PAR absorbed by grassy canopy. Ecological Indicators, 2014, 46: 129-137 [45] Matzinger N, Andretta M, Gorsel EV, et al. Surface radiation budget in an Alpine valley. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 2003, 129: 877-895 [46] Moore KE, Fitzjarrald DR, Sakai RK, et al. Seasonal variation in radiative and turbulent exchange at a deci-duous forest in central Massachusetts. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1996, 35: 122-134 [47] Serrano-Ortiz P, Sanchez-Canete EP, Olmo FJ, et al. Surface-parallel sensor orientation for assessing energy balance components on mountain slopes. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2016, 158: 489-499 [48] Zhu N (祝 宁), Jiang H (江 洪), Jin Y-Y (金永岩). A phenology study on the common tree species of natural secondary forests in northeast China. Acta Phytoecologica et Geobotanica Sinica (植物生态学与地植物学学报), 1990, 14(4): 336-349 (in Chinese) [49] Wang XC, Wang CK, Li QL. Wind regimes above and below a temperate deciduous forest canopy in complex terrain: Interactions between slope and valley winds. Atmosphere, 2015, 6: 60-87 [50] Toomey M, Friedl MA, Frolking S, et al. Greenness indices from digital cameras predict the timing and seaso-nal dynamics of canopy-scale photosynthesis. Ecological Applications, 2015, 25: 99-115 [51] Wingate L, Ogée J, Cremonese E, et al. Interpreting canopy development and physiology using an European phenology camera network at flux sites. Biogeosciences, 2015, 12: 5995-6015 [52] Hufkens K, Friedl M, Sonnentag O, et al. Linking near-surface and satellite remote sensing measurements of deciduous broadleaf forest phenology. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2012, 117: 307-321 [53] Saitoh TM, Nagai S, Saigusa N, et al. Assessing the use of camera-based indices for characterizing canopy phenology in relation to gross primary production in a deci-duous broad-leaved and an evergreen coniferous forest in Japan. Ecological Informatics, 2012, 11: 45-54 [54] Liu ZL, Wang CK, Chen JM, et al. Empirical models for tracing seasonal changes in leaf area index in deciduous broadleaf forests by digital hemispherical photography. Forest Ecology and Management, 2015, 351: 67-77 [55] Keenan TF, Darby B, Felts E, et al. Tracking forest phenology and seasonal physiology using digital repeat photography: A critical assessment. Ecological Applications, 2014, 24: 1478-1489 [56] Wu CY, Niu Z, Tang Q, et al. Estimating chlorophyll content from hyperspectral vegetation indices: Modeling and validation. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2008, 148: 1230-1241 [57] Wang J, Miura T, Kato A, et al. Radiometric validation of satellite vegetation indices using flux tower measurements. IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sen-sing Symposium, Quebec, Canada, 2014: 2383-2386 |