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应用生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (9): 2831-2838.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201609.011

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供需平衡视角下的城市公园绿地空间公平性分析——以深圳市福田区为例

吴健生1,2, 司梦林1*, 李卫锋3   

  1. 1北京大学城市规划与设计学院城市人居环境科学与技术重点实验室, 广东深圳 518055;
    2北京大学城市与环境学院地表过程与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871;
    3香港大学建筑学院城市规划与设计系, 香港 999077
  • 收稿日期:2016-01-18 发布日期:2016-09-18
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: 407448350@qq.com
  • 作者简介:吴健生,男,1965年生,博士,教授.主要从事景观生态与GIS方面的教学与研究. E-mail: wujs@pkusz.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41271101)资助

Spatial equity analysis of urban green space from the perspective of balance between supply and demand: A case study of Futian District, Shenzhen, China.

WU Jian-sheng1,2, SI Meng-lin1*, LI Wei-feng3   

  1. 1Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China;
    2Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    3Department of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture, University of Hongkong, Hongkong 999077, China
  • Received:2016-01-18 Published:2016-09-18
  • Contact: * E-mail: 407448350@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41271101)

摘要: 城市公园绿地是城市重要的生态功能景观,其空间分布的合理性对生态环境的改善及人们的日常生活质量都有一定影响.在城市基础设施配置供需平衡理念的背景下,本文基于城市公园绿地空间公平性评价的理论框架,采用一种基于重力模型的评价方法,以公园绿地的服务能力和各居住区人口数目分别度量供给能力和需求水平.以深圳市福田区为研究区,使用GIS网络分析技术和层次分析法,并在评价中考虑“边界效应”,从居住区的视角对深圳市福田区不同等级的公园绿地分布的空间公平性进行定量评价,进而提出了公园绿地空间配置的优化建议.结果表明: 福田区公园绿地总体公平性较差,其中,社区公园的公平性最差,区域性公园次之,郊野生态公园在部分区域公平性较好;综合各类公园的公平性评价结果,福田区约50%的区域可达到供需平衡,其他区域则均供给不足;福田区的公园绿地系统规划要从绿化率、空间配置及道路交通系统等方面进行改善,重点关注小尺度的公园配置数目,满足社区内的居民日常游憩需求.“边界效应”会对公平性评价结果造成一定影响,位于研究区边缘的居住区可以享受到居住区外的公园绿地服务,同时边界外的居住区也会共享区域内的绿地资源.

Abstract: Urban green space is an important ecological landscape, whose spatial distribution plays a significant role in improving the eco-environment and people’s living quality. This study was initia-ted from the perspective of supply and demand balance to evaluate the equity of distribution of urban parks, drawing on previous research, and introduced an integrated framework for evaluating the equity of urban public facilities using spatial multi-analysis. A method concerning gravity model to assess the equity of urban green space was introduced, taking the effect of boundary into account. The case study area was the Futian District of Shenzhen and its 2000 m buffer area. Then, some optimizations were suggested for better allocation of the green space. The results showed that the equity of Futian District was low. The equity of community parks was lowest, followed by that of regional parks, while the countryside ecological parks owned the highest equity. About 50% of the Futian district area was in a state of balance between supply and demand and the rest were in a state of insufficient supply. Greening rate and space allocation of parks and road traffic systems should be improved to better plan the green space in Futian District. For urban green space planning, the parks of small area should be paid more attention to meet the needs of residents for daily recreation. By taking the effect of boundary into account, we observed that the residential area on the edge of the study area could enjoy the park green space, and the green space in the boundary area outside the region would be also shared by residents on both sides of the administrative boundary.