施氮量对麦后直播棉钾素吸收利用的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201610.029

应用生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (10): 3228-3236.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201610.029

施氮量对麦后直播棉钾素吸收利用的影响

张国伟¹, 杨长琴¹, 刘瑞显^1*, 张雷², 倪万朝¹

¹江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所/农业部长江下游棉花与油菜重点实验室, 南京 210014;
²棉花生物学国家重点实验室, 河南安阳 455000;

收稿日期:2016-02-23 发布日期:2016-10-18
通讯作者: * E-mail: liuruixian2008@163.com
作者简介:张国伟, 男, 1981年生, 博士, 副研究员. 主要从事棉花栽培生理生态研究. E-mail: zgw_0721@163.com
基金资助:
本文由棉花生物学国家重点实验室开放课题基金项目(CB2015A17)、江苏省科技支撑计划项目(BE2014389)和江苏省三新工程项目(SXGC[2014]299)资助

Effects of nitrogen application rate on potassium uptake and utilization of direct-seeded cotton after wheat harvest

ZHANG Guo-wei¹, YANG Chang-qin¹, LIU Rui-xian^1*, ZHANG Lei², NI Wan-chao¹

¹Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China;
²State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang 455000, Henan, China;

Received:2016-02-23 Published:2016-10-18
Contact: * E-mail: liuruixian2008@163.com
Supported by:
The work was supported by the State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology Open Fund (CB2015A17), the Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Support Program (BE2014389) and the Jiangsu Province Three-New Agricultural Innovation Project (SXGC[2014]299).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以早熟棉‘中棉所50’为材料,于2013—2014年在南京市江苏省农业科学院棉花试验站进行麦后直播棉花试验,研究施氮量(0、60、120、150、180、240 kg N·hm^-2)对棉株钾素吸收和利用的影响.结果表明: 增施氮肥提高了麦后直播棉不同生育阶段的钾吸收量,以盛花到见絮期的钾积累增量最大;并且改变了麦后直播棉不同生育时期的钾吸收比例,使棉花出苗到盛花期的钾吸收比例降低,盛花到吐絮期的钾吸收比例升高;增施氮肥还降低了生育后期上部位果枝钾浓度的下降速率,但加速了中下部果枝钾浓度的下降速率.随施氮量增加,钾吸收的边际效应呈先升高后降低趋势,而钾的皮棉生产效率均呈线性降低,其降低趋势表现为下部果枝最大,上部果枝次之,中部果枝最低.麦后直播棉钾素和生物量累积以中、下部果枝为主,在150~180 kg N·hm^-2下棉花各果枝部位干物质和钾在生殖器官中的分配比例较高,钾浓度和钾累积量动态特征参数比较协调,利于产量形成;高于180 kg N·hm^-2导致皮棉产量增幅下降,氮素对钾吸收的边际效应和钾的皮棉生产效率较低;低于150 kg N·hm^-2时,中下部果枝干物质和钾的经济系数较低,不利于高产形成.

Abstract: By using cotton cultivar CCRI-50 as material, field experiments were conducted in the summer seasons of 2013 and 2014 at the experimental station of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Nanjing, China) to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates (0, 60, 120, 150, 180 and 240 kg N·hm^-2) on the potassium uptake and utilization of the cotton plant that was direct-seeded after wheat harvest. Data suggested that the elevated nitrogen application rates increased the cotton potassium uptake of all growth stages, and the largest increment was observed at the peak flowering-boll opening stage. Nitrogen application also changed the uptake percentage of potassium uptake of each stage, i.e., the percentage of potassium uptake decreased in the stage from seedling to peak flowering, while increased in the stage from peak flowering to boll maturing. In addition, the elevated nitrogen applications reduced the decreasing rate of nitrogen concentration in upper fruiting branches, but promoted the decreasing rate in middle and low fruiting branches at later growth stages. As the nitrogen application rate increased, the marginal effect of potassium uptake (promoted amount of potassium uptake due to 1 kg increase of N application) increased first and then decreased, and the lint production efficiency of potassium descended steadily. In cotton plants that were direct-seeded after wheat harvest, potassium and biomass were mainly accumulated in the lower and middle fruiting branches. At the 150 and 180 kg N·hm^-2 application levels, much more potassium was allocated to the reproductive organs and the characters and the eigenvalues of simulated curves of potassium concentration and total potassium accumulation were more optimized than those at the higher or the lower N application levels. At the high nitrogen application (more than 180 kg N·hm^-2) level, the marginal effect of potassium uptake and lint production efficiency decreased, and at the lower nitrogen application (less than 150 kg N·hm^-2) level, lint yield was lower due to the decrease of economic coefficient of biomass and potassium in the middle and low fruiting branches.

张国伟, 杨长琴, 刘瑞显, 张雷, 倪万朝. 施氮量对麦后直播棉钾素吸收利用的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(10): 3228-3236.

ZHANG Guo-wei, YANG Chang-qin, LIU Rui-xian, ZHANG Lei, NI Wan-chao. Effects of nitrogen application rate on potassium uptake and utilization of direct-seeded cotton after wheat harvest[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(10): 3228-3236.

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施氮量对麦后直播棉钾素吸收利用的影响

Effects of nitrogen application rate on potassium uptake and utilization of direct-seeded cotton after wheat harvest

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