减量施氮及施肥距离对玉米/大豆套作系统增产节肥的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201610.031

应用生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (10): 3247-3256.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201610.031

减量施氮及施肥距离对玉米/大豆套作系统增产节肥的影响

陈平¹, 杜青¹, 周丽¹, 杨欢¹, 董茜², 宋春³, 杨文钰¹, 雍太文^1*

¹四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作实验室, 成都 611130;
²射洪县农业局, 四川遂宁 629200;
³四川农业大学环境学院, 成都 611130 ;

收稿日期:2016-02-29 发布日期:2016-10-18
通讯作者: * E-mail: yongtaiwen@sicau.edu.cn
作者简介:陈平, 男, 1989年生, 硕士研究生. 主要从事多熟套作系统养分利用及作物高产高效研究. E-mail: chenpingbarry@163.com
基金资助:
本文由国家自然科学基金项目(31271669)和公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203096)资助

Effects of N application reduction and fertilizing distance on saving fertilizer and improving yield in maize/soybean intercropping system

CHEN Ping¹, DU Qing¹, ZHOU Li¹, YANG Huan¹, DONG Qian², SONG Chun³, YANG Wen-yu¹, YONG Tai-wen^1*

¹College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University/Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in Southwest, Chengdu 611130, China;
²Shehong Bureau of Agriculture, Suining 629200, Sichuan, China;
³College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;

Received:2016-02-29 Published:2016-10-18
Contact: * E-mail: yongtaiwen@sicau.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271669) and the Special Scientific Research Fund in the Public Interest (Agriculture, 201203096).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过田间试验研究了3种施氮水平(RN₁:210 kg N·hm^-2;RN₂:270 kg N·hm^-2;CN:330 kg N·hm^-2)与4个施肥距离(与窄行玉米距离, D₁:0 cm、D₂:15 cm、D₃:30 cm、D₄:45 cm)对玉米/大豆套作系统增产节肥的影响.结果表明: 与CN相比,RN₂下玉米花后的干物质积累量、转移量及对籽粒的贡献率提高1.4%、23.0%、16.0%,玉米穗粒数与单株产量增加1.6%和4.9%;大豆花前的物质积累量、转移量及对籽粒贡献率提高2.1%、37.9%、26.9%,单株粒数与籽粒产量均增加7.3%;RN₂下玉米/大豆套作系统的作物氮素吸收量与氮肥利用率比CN提高5.0%、44.4%,玉米的土壤总氮含量提高4.1%,大豆的则降低0.8%.各施肥距离间,以D₂处理效果较好;RN₂下,D₂的玉米花后(大豆花前)干物质积累对籽粒贡献率、玉米穗粒数(大豆单株粒数)分别比D₁提高57.2%、9.4%,大豆的则比D₄提高335.2%、2.4%;D₂的玉米/大豆套作系统氮素吸收量及氮肥利用率分别比D₁提高15.1%和112.4%,比D₄提高21.4%和66.3%;玉米土壤总氮含量D₂比D₁提高6.6%,大豆土壤总氮含量D₂比D₄提高16.0%.合理的减量施氮和施肥距离有利于玉米/大豆套作系统下作物干物质向籽粒转运,提高作物的单株粒数、百粒重和产量,促进作物氮素吸收与氮肥高效利用,达到节肥增产的目的.

Abstract: To study the effect of N supplied levels and fertilization distances on saving fertilizer and improving yield in maize/soybean intercropping system, a field experiment was carried out with three N supplying levels ( RN₁: 210 kg N·hm^-2, RN₂: 270 kg N·hm^-2 and CN: 330 kg N·hm^-2) and four fertilizing distances (D₁: 0 cm, D₂: 15 cm, D₃: 30 cm and D₄: 45 cm, indicating the distance between fertilizing site and maize in narrow row). Compared with CN, the results showed that dry matter accumulation and translocation, and their contribution to grain of post-anthesis maize under RN₂ were increased by 1.4%, 23.0% and 16.0%, respectively. Meanwhile, kernel number per ear and grain yield per plant of maize were increased by 1.6% and 4.9%. For soybean, dry matter accumulation and translocation, and their contribution to grain at pre-anthesis under RN₂ were increased by 2.1%, 37.9% and 26.9%, respectively. Both of soybean grain number and yield per plant were increased by 7.3%. For the maize-soybean intercropping system, N uptake and use efficiency of RN₂ were 5.0% and 44.4% higher than those of CN. The soil N content of maize was raised by 4.1% under RN₂, but decreased by 0.8% for soybean. The saving fertilizer and improving yield effect of D₂ were the best among all the fertilizing distances. Under RN₂, contribution rate of dry matter accumulation to grain after anthesis and kernel number per ear of maize in D₂ were 57.2% and 9.4% higher than those of D₁. Compared with D₄, the contribution rate of dry matter accumulation to grain before anthesis and grain number per plant of soybean in D₂ were increased by 335.2% and 2.4%, respectively. For the maize/soybean intercropping system, N uptake and use efficiency of D₂ were 15.1% and 112.4% greater than those of D₁, and 21.4% and 66.3% higher than those of D₄. The total soil N content of maize in D₂ was 6.6% higher than that of D₁, and the index for soybean was 16.0% higher than that of D₄. Appropriate N application reduction and fertilizing distance would be beneficial to transfer dry matter to grain, improve grain number per plant, 100-grain mass and yield, promote N uptake and increase fertilizer use efficiency in the intercropping system, which could achieve the purpose of saving fertilizer and improving yield.

陈平, 杜青, 周丽, 杨欢, 董茜, 宋春, 杨文钰, 雍太文. 减量施氮及施肥距离对玉米/大豆套作系统增产节肥的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(10): 3247-3256.

CHEN Ping, DU Qing, ZHOU Li, YANG Huan, DONG Qian, SONG Chun, YANG Wen-yu, YONG Tai-wen. Effects of N application reduction and fertilizing distance on saving fertilizer and improving yield in maize/soybean intercropping system[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(10): 3247-3256.

参考文献

[1] Zhang F-S (张福锁), Wang J-Q (王激清), Zhang W-F (张卫峰), et al. Nutrient use efficiencies of major cereal crops in China and measures for improvement. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2008, 45(5): 915-924 (in Chinese)
[2] Guo JH, Liu XJ, Zhang Y, et al. Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands. Science, 2010, 327: 1008-1010
[3] Constantin J, Mary B, Laurent F, et al. Effects of catch crops, no till and reduced nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen leaching and balance in three long-term experiments. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2010, 135: 268-278
[4] Ruan WB, Ren T, Chen Q, et al. Effects of conventio-nal and reduced N inputs on nematode communities and plant yield under intensive vegetable production. Applied Soil Ecology, 2013, 66: 48-55
[5] Qin AZ, Huang GB, Chai Q, et al. Grain yield and soil respiratory response to intercropping systems on arid land. Field Crops Research, 2013, 144: 1-10
[6] Yang F, Huang S, Gao RC, et al. Growth of soybean seedlings in relay strip intercropping systems in relation to light quantity and red:far-red ratio. Field Crops Research, 2014, 155: 245-253
[7] Yang F (杨峰), Lou Y (娄莹), Liao D-P (廖敦平), et al. Effects of row spacing on crop biomass, root morphology and yield in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system. Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报), 2015, 41(4): 642-650 (in Chinese)
[8] Yong T-W (雍太文), Dong Q (董茜), Liu W-Y (刘文钰), et al. Effect of N application methods on nitrogenase, photosynthesis and yield of soybean under maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system. Soybean Science (大豆科学), 2013, 32(16): 791-796 (in Chinese)
[9] Zhao D (赵冬), Yan T-M (颜廷梅), Qiao J (乔俊), et al. Change of different nitrogen forms in surface water of rice field and reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application in rice season. Ecology and Environmental Sciences (生态环境学报), 2011, 20(4): 743-749 (in Chinese)
[10] Zou X-J (邹晓锦), Zhang X (张鑫), An J-W (安景文). Effect of reducing and postponing of N application on yield, plant N uptake, utilization and N balance in maize. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China (中国土壤与肥料), 2011(6): 25-29 (in Chinese)
[11] Li Y-Y (李玉英), Hu H-S (胡汉升), Cheng X (程序), et al. Effects of interspecific interactions and nitrogen fertilization rates on above- and below-growth in faba bean/maize intercropping system. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2011, 31(6): 1617-1630 (in Chinese)
[12] Yu C-B (余常兵), Sun J-H (孙建好), Li L (李隆). Effect of interspecific interaction on crop growth and nutrition accumulation. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料), 2009, 15(1): 1-8 (in Chinese)
[13] Zhan X-M (战秀梅), Li T-T (李亭亭), Han X-R (韩晓日), et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilization me-thods on yield, profit and nitrogen absorption and utilization of spring maize. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报), 2011, 17(4): 861-868 (in Chinese)
[14] Zhang H-B (张含彬), Wu X-Y (伍晓燕), Yang W-Y (杨文钰). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the accumulation and distribution of dry matter in relay-plant soybean. Soybean Science (大豆科学), 2006, 25(4): 404-408 (in Chinese)
[15] Liu W-Y (刘文钰), Yong T-W (雍太文), Liu X-M (刘小明), et al. Effect of reduced N application on nodule N fixation, N uptake and utilization of soybean in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system. Soybean Science (大豆科学), 2014, 33(5): 705-712 (in Chinese)
[16] Liu X-M (刘小明), Yong T-W (雍太文), Su B-Y (苏本营), et al. Effect of reduced N application on crop yield in maize-soybean intercropping system. Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报), 2014, 40(9): 1629-1638 (in Chinese)
[17] Liu X-M (刘小明), Yong T-W (雍太文), Liu W-Y (刘文钰), et al. Effect of reduced N application on soil N residue and N loss in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2014, 25(8): 2267-2274 (in Chinese)
[18] Fehr WR, Caviness CE. Stages of Soybean Development, Special Report. Ames: Lowa State University, 1977, 80: 11
[19] Bao S-D (鲍士旦). Analysis Methods for Soil and Agrochemistry. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000: 265-268 (in Chinese)
[20] Papakosta DK, Gagianas AA. Nitrogen and dry matter accumulation, remobilization and losses for mediterranean wheat during grain filling. Agronomy Journal, 1991, 83: 864-870
[21] Li D-F (李东方), Li S-Q (李世清), Li Z-Y (李紫燕), et al. Response of various cultivars of winter wheat in assimilative matter and N translocation before anthesis to N fertilizer. Journal of Triticeae Crops (麦类作物学报), 2006, 26(5): 106-112 (in Chinese)
[22] Jaynes DB, Swan JB. Solute movement in uncropped ridge-tilled soil under natural rainfall. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1999, 63: 264-269
[23] Szumigalski AR, Van Acker RC. Nitrogen yield and land use efficiency in annual sole crops and intercrops. Agronomy Journal, 2006, 98: 1030-1040
[24] Zhang GG, Yang ZB, Dong ST. Interspecific competitiveness affects the total biomass yield in an alfalfa and corn intercropping system. Field Crops Research, 2011, 124: 66-73
[25] Yong T-W (雍太文), Yang W-Y (杨文钰), Xiang D-B (向达兵), et al. Production and N nutrient perfor-mance of wheat-maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system and evaluation of interspecies competition. Acta Prataculturae Sinica (草业学报), 2012, 21(1): 50-58 (in Chinese)
[26] Yong T-W (雍太文), Xiang D-B (向达兵), Zhang J (张静), et al. Analysis of the nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency and N fertilizer residual effect in the wheat-maize-soybean and wheat-maize-sweet potato relay strip intercropping. Acta Prataculturae Sinica (草业学报), 2011, 20(6): 34-44 (in Chinese)
[27] Trenton FS, Joseph GL. Corn grain yield response to crop rotation and nitrogen over 35 years. Agronomy Journal, 2008, 100: 643-650
[28] Yong T-W (雍太文), Yang W-Y (杨文钰), Xiang D-B (向达兵), et al. Effect of wheat/maize/soybean and wheat/maize/sweet potato relay strip intercropping on soil nitrogen content and nitrogen transfer. Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报), 2012, 38(1): 148-158 (in Chinese)
[29] Yong TW, Liu XM, Yang F, et al. Characteristics of nitrogen uptake, use and transfer in a wheat-maize-soybean relay intercropping system. Plant Production Science, 2015, 18: 388-397
[30] Wang X-N (王西娜), Wang C-H (王朝辉), Li S-X (李生秀). The effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate on summer maize yield and soil water-nitrogen dynamics. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2007, 27(1): 197-204 (in Chinese)
[31] Ma D-Y (马冬云), Guo T-C (郭天财), Wang C-Y (王晨阳). Effects of nitrogen application rates on accumulation, translocation, and partitioning of photosynthate in winter wheat at grain filling stage. Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报), 2008, 34(6): 1027-1033 (in Chinese)
[32] Dordas CA, Sioulas C. Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, partitioning, and retranslocation in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as affected by nitrogen fertilization. Field Crops Research, 2009, 110: 35-43
[33] Zhang Y-S (张银锁), Yu Z-R (宇振荣), Driessen PM. Experimental study of assimilate production, partitioning and translocation among plant organs in summer maize (Zea mays) under various environmental and management conditions. Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报), 2002, 28(1): 104-109 (in Chinese)
[34] Yan Y-H (闫艳红), Yang W-Y (杨文钰), Zhang X-Q (张新全), et al. Effects of different nitrogen levels on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and yield of relay strip intercropping Glycine max after blooming. Acta Prataculturae Sinica (草业学报), 2011, 20(3): 233-238 (in Chinese)

减量施氮及施肥距离对玉米/大豆套作系统增产节肥的影响

Effects of N application reduction and fertilizing distance on saving fertilizer and improving yield in maize/soybean intercropping system

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 0

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价