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应用生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (12): 3977-3986.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201612.009

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高肥力土壤条件下不同基因型花生对氮素利用的差异

郑永美, 孙秀山, 王才斌, 郑亚萍, 吴正锋*, 孙学武, 于天一, 沈浦   

  1. 山东省花生研究所, 山东青岛 266100
  • 收稿日期:2016-04-07 出版日期:2016-12-18 发布日期:2016-12-18
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: wzf326@126.com
  • 作者简介:郑永美, 女, 1979年生, 副研究员.主要从事花生生理生态研究. E-mail: ymzhengrice@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本文由山东省农业科学院青年科研基金项目(2014QNM27)、山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题和国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD11B04)资助

Differences in nitrogen utilization characteristics of different peanut genotypes in high fertility soils

ZHENG Yong-mei, SUN Xiu-shan, WANG Cai-bin, ZHENG Ya-ping, WU Zheng-feng*, SUN Xue-wu, YU Tian-yi, SHEN Pu   

  1. Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
  • Received:2016-04-07 Online:2016-12-18 Published:2016-12-18
  • Contact: * E-mail: wzf326@126.com
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Youth Scientific Research Foundation of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2014QNM27), Key Application Technological Innovation Project of Agriculture of Shandong Province and the National Science and Technology Support Plan of China (2014BAD11B04).

摘要: 在桶栽条件下,利用15N示踪技术,选用20个基因型花生为供试材料,研究了高肥力土壤条件下不同基因型花生对氮素利用的差异.结果表明:高肥力土壤条件下花生氮素营养以土壤氮为主,根瘤固氮次之,肥料氮最低.不同基因型间花生对全氮、肥料氮、土壤氮和根瘤固氮的吸收和积累均存在显著差异,基因型间遗传变异以根瘤固氮最大,肥料氮和土壤氮相当.氮素荚果生产效率和氮肥利用率基因型间差异显著,最高值分别为最低值的3.6和2.1倍.全氮、肥料氮、土壤氮和根瘤固氮的氮素收获指数基因型间均存在显著遗传变异,且以根瘤固氮的氮素收获指数基因型间遗传变异最大.花生荚果产量与不同氮源氮素积累量及氮素收获指数、氮素荚果生产效率和氮肥利用率呈显著或极显著正相关.依据花生对不同氮源氮素吸收积累和荚果产量筛选出全氮高积累高产型、肥料氮高积累高产型、土壤氮高积累高产型和根瘤固氮高积累高产型四大类型花生,其中四大类型特征兼有的有4个花生基因型.

Abstract: A total of twenty genotypes of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) were used to investigate the differences in nitrogen (N) utilization characteristics in a pot experiment with 15N isotope tracing analysis. Results showed the main N sources for peanut in high fertility soils following as soil N source > N fixed by root nodule source > fertilizer N source. The N uptake and accumulation in peanut from total N and the three N supplied sources (fertilizer N, soil N and N fixation) varied among the different genotypes. N fixation source had the largest genetic variation among the twenty genotypes while genetic variation for fertilizer N source and soil N source were lower and similar. Significant differences showed among the twenty genotypes in pod producing efficiency of N and N use efficiency, and the highest values were respectively 3.6 and 2.1 times of the lowest values. There were also significant differences among the twenty genotypes in the harvest indexes of total N, fertilizer N source, soil N source and N fixation source, and the largest variation showed in the harvest index of N fixation source. The pod yields significantly or extremely significantly corrected with N accumulation amounts from different N sources, N harvest index, pod producing efficiency of N, and N use efficiency. According to N uptake and accumulation and pod yield, four major types of peanut were classified, namely high total N accumulation & high yield type, high fertilizer N source & high yield type, high soil N source & high yield type, and high N fixation source & high yield type. Four of the twenty genotypes had all characteristics of the four major types.