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应用生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (12): 3969-3976.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201612.014

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烟杆还田对水稻产量和养分吸收的影响及其替代钾肥的效果

姜超强1,2, 沈嘉1, 王火焰2, 李德成2, 李田3, 汪文杰3, 祖朝龙1*   

  1. 1安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所/玉米研究中心, 合肥 230031;
    2中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008;
    3安徽省烟草公司池州市公司, 安徽池州 247000
  • 收稿日期:2016-04-12 出版日期:2016-12-18 发布日期:2016-12-18
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: lcz2468@sina.com
  • 作者简介:姜超强,男,1980年生,博士. 主要从事作物营养与高效施肥理论和技术研究. E-mail: chaoqjiang@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本文由安徽省烟草公司科技项目(20140551004)、安徽省农业科学院院长青年基金项目(14B0945)和公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203013)资助

Effect of tobacco straw incorporation on rice yield and nutrient absorption and its substitute for potassium fertilizer

JIANG Chao-qiang1,2, SHEN Jia1, WANG Huo-yan2, LI De-cheng2, LI Tian3, WANG Wen-jie3, ZU Chao-long1*   

  1. 1Tobacco Research Institute/Maize Research Center, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei 230031, China;
    2State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;
    3Chizhou Tobacco Company of Anhui Province, Chizhou 247000, Anhui, China
  • Received:2016-04-12 Online:2016-12-18 Published:2016-12-18
  • Contact: * E-mail: lcz2468@sina.com
  • Supported by:
    This paper was supported by Anhui Tobacco Corporation (20140551004), 2014 Dean Younth Innovation Fund of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences (12B0919) and the National Department Public Benefit Research Foundation of China (201203013).

摘要: 选择不同供钾能力的烟-稻轮作区稻田,研究了烟杆还田对水稻产量、钾素吸收利用的影响及其替代钾肥的效果.结果表明: 烟杆还田(2250 kg·hm-2)和施钾肥(K2O 75 kg·hm-2)均能增加水稻产量和地上部钾素的累积量,其中烟杆还田配施钾肥的增幅最大,低钾(土壤速效钾含量<100 mg·kg-1)、中钾(土壤速效钾含量100~150 mg·kg-1)和高钾(土壤速效钾含量>150 mg·kg-1)土壤的水稻分别增产13.3%、17.1%和13.5%.烟杆还田(St+NP)可以提高钾素吸收利用率和农学效率.但在水稻当前推荐施肥量(75 kg·hm-2)条件下,烟杆还田配施钾肥(St+NPK)对钾肥(素)吸收利用率和农学效率无显著影响,说明当前推荐施钾量可能偏高.通过对烟杆还田替代钾肥的计算,发现还田烟杆可以替代10%~22%的化肥钾(K2O),烟后晚稻在烟杆还田时钾肥施用可以减少7.2~16.5 kg·hm-2.因此,在烟杆还田条件下,高钾田块可减少化学钾肥的施用,而中钾和低钾田块为稳定水稻产量和维持土壤钾素平衡,则应保证目前推荐钾肥量的投入.

Abstract: Field trails were carried to study the effects of tobacco straw incorporation and potassium (K) fertilizer on rice yield, K uptake and use efficiency, and its substitute for K fertilizer under different paddy soil K levels in tobacco-rice rotation areas. Results showed that both tobacco straw incorporation (2250 kg·hm-2) and K fertilizer application (75 kg K2O ·hm-2) could increase grain yield and aboveground K uptake of rice. The treatment of tobacco straw incorporation with K fertilizer (St+NPK) got the best effect on rice yield compared with the control (NP). In this treatment (St+NPK), rice yields were increased by 13.3%, 17.1% and 13.5% for low-K soil (available potassium content < 100 mg·kg-1), middle-K soil (available potassium content 100-150 mg·kg-1) and high-K soil (available potassium content > 150 mg·kg-1), respectively, compared with NP. Tobacco straw incorporation (St+NP) could increase K fertilizer recovery efficiency and K fertilizer agronomic efficiency. Under the current practice of applying 75 kg K2O·hm-2, St+NPK showed no significant effect on K fertilizer recovery efficiency and K fertilizer agronomic efficiency, demonstrating that the recommended rate of K fertilizer might be more than the actual demand of rice growth. More importantly, data of tobacco straw substitute for K fertilizer showed that tobacco straw incorporation could replace 10%-22% K fertilizer during rice growing season, i.e. K fertilizer could be reduced by 7.2-16.5 kg·hm-2 for rice under the condition of tobacco straw incorporation. Therefore, it was suggested that straw incorporation could reduce the rate of K fertilizer for high-K soil, but the current K fertilizer inputs (75 kg K2O·hm-2) should be supplied to get high rice yield and maintain the soil potassium balance for low-K soil and middle-K soil.