高效氮肥对新疆膜下滴灌棉田土壤氧化亚氮排放的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201612.016

应用生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (12): 3961-3968.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201612.016

高效氮肥对新疆膜下滴灌棉田土壤氧化亚氮排放的影响

马志雯^1,2,3,4, 高霄鹏^1,2,3*, 桂东伟^1,2,3, 匡文浓^1,2,3,4, 王西和⁵, 刘骅⁵

¹中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011;
²新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 新疆策勒 848300;
³中国科学院干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011;
⁴中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
⁵新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所/绿洲养分与水土资源高效利用重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2016-04-26 出版日期:2016-12-18 发布日期:2016-12-18
通讯作者: * E-mail:Xiaopeng.Gao@umanitoba.ca
作者简介:马志雯,女,1989年生,硕士研究生. 主要从事农田温室气体排放研究. E-mail: mazhiwen14@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
本文由国家千人计划新疆项目(Y472171)和国家自然科学基金项目(31570002)资助

Effects of enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers on nitrous oxide emissions from cotton field under plastic mulched drip irrigation in Xinjiang,China

MA Zhi-wen^1,2,3,4, GAO Xiao-peng^1,2,3*, GUI Dong-wei^1,2,3, KUANG Wen-nong^1,2,3,4, WANG Xi-he⁵, LIU Hua⁵

¹State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Aca-demy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
²Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems in Xinjiang, Cele 848300, China;
³Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Zone, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
⁴University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
⁵Institute of Soil and Fertilizer and Agricultu-ral Sparing Water/Key Laboratory of Nutrient and Water Resources Efficient Utilization of Oasis, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2016-04-26 Online:2016-12-18 Published:2016-12-18
Contact: * E-mail:Xiaopeng.Gao@umanitoba.ca
Supported by:
This work was supported by the 1000-Talent Plan of China (Y472171) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31570002).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高效氮肥对新疆灰漠土农田氧化亚氮(N₂O)排放的影响目前尚不明确.本研究选取树脂包膜尿素(ESN)和尿素配施脲酶抑制剂和硝化抑制剂(U+I)两种高效氮肥处理,以传统尿素(U)处理为对照,研究高效氮肥对新疆膜下滴灌棉田N₂O排放的影响.ESN在播种时一次性施入,而其他处理的氮肥在生育期内随灌溉分次施入.在生育期内,采用静态箱-气相色谱法每周采集和分析2次气体样品.结果表明: 与其他处理相比,ESN处理显著增加了生育期间土壤N₂O的排放量,增幅47%～73%;在施肥后的4个月内,ESN处理下的土壤铵态氮(NH₄⁺-N)和硝态氮(NO₃^--N)含量始终处于较高水平,随后则逐渐减小并与其他处理的含量相近.ESN在播种时全部施入可能是导致土壤高NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N含量以及高N₂O排放量的原因.与U处理相比,U+I处理减少了9.9%的N₂O排放量,但两者间差异不显著;U+I处理NO₃^--N含量始终低于ESN和U处理.新疆灰漠土膜下滴灌棉田生育期土壤的N₂O排放为300～500 g N₂O-N·hm^-2,整体低于其他农田生态系统.与播种前全部施入相比,氮肥随滴灌多次施入更利于降低N₂O排放.本试验条件下,高效氮肥对干旱区膜下滴灌棉田土壤N₂O的减排效应有限.

Abstract: The effect of enhanced-efficiency nitrogen (N) fertilizers on emissions of nitrous oxide (N₂O) from the grey desert agricultural soils of Xinjiang is uncertain. In this study, the enhanced-efficiency fertilizers, polymer-coated urea (ESN), and stabilized urea with urease and nitrification inhibitors (U+I) were compared to conventional urea (U) for N₂O emissions from cotton under plastic mulch drip irrigation near Urumqi, Xinjiang. ESN was added once at planting but the other treatments were added multiple times with drip irrigation during the growing season. Gas samples were collected and analyzed twice per week during the growing season, using the static chamber-chromatography methodology. The results showed that generally, ESN significantly increased soil cumulative N₂O emissions during the growing season by 47%-73% compared to other treatments. In the first four months after fertilization, soil ammonium (NH₄⁺-N) and nitrate (NO₃^--N) concentrations under ESN treatment were generally higher than under other treatments. Thereafter, NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N concentrations under all treatments gradually decreased to similar levels. ESN all added at planting was likely responsible for high NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N concentrations and highest N₂O emissions. The U+I treatment reduced soil N₂O emission by 9.9% in comparison with U, whereas the difference was not statistically significant. In addition, soil NO₃^--N contents of the U+I treatments were generally lower than those of the ESN and the U treatments. The cumulative N₂O emissionsover the growing season ranged from 300 to 500 g N₂O-N·hm^-2, generally lower than emissions reported for other agricultural ecosystems. Drip irrigation successfully kept moisture conditions below levels for appreciable N₂O emissions. Multiple applications of N via drip irrigation seemed to be effective to lower emissions than all N applied at planting. Therefore, for cotton field under plastic mulch drip irrigation in arid land of Northwest China, the benefit of enhanced efficiency N ferti-lizers on N₂O mitigation is limited.

马志雯, 高霄鹏, 桂东伟, 匡文浓, 王西和, 刘骅. 高效氮肥对新疆膜下滴灌棉田土壤氧化亚氮排放的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(12): 3961-3968.

MA Zhi-wen, GAO Xiao-peng, GUI Dong-wei, KUANG Wen-nong, WANG Xi-he, LIU Hua. Effects of enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers on nitrous oxide emissions from cotton field under plastic mulched drip irrigation in Xinjiang,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(12): 3961-3968.

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高效氮肥对新疆膜下滴灌棉田土壤氧化亚氮排放的影响

Effects of enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers on nitrous oxide emissions from cotton field under plastic mulched drip irrigation in Xinjiang,China

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