不同年龄日本落叶松人工林生物量、碳储量及养分特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201612.039

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以7、17、30和40年生4个发育阶段(幼龄、中龄、近熟和成熟阶段)的日本落叶松人工林为对象,研究了林龄对生物量、碳储量和养分特征的影响.结果表明: 在单木水平上,不同发育阶段干、枝、皮、叶、根生物量和养分浓度差异显著.随年龄增加,各器官生物量呈增大趋势,N、P、K浓度呈下降趋势,Mg浓度先降后升,Ca浓度持续升高.优势木、平均木和劣势木的各器官生物量之间差异显著,但养分浓度差异不显著,表明竞争对各器官养分浓度影响不大.在林分水平上,总生物量、碳储量和养分储量随林龄增加呈增大趋势,与幼龄林相比,成熟林分别增加217.9%、218.4%和56.4%,表明日本落叶松林生长后期能以较少的养分生产较多的干物质,养分利用效率较高.5种元素的积累量除P和K在近熟林(30年生)略有降低外,其他元素都随林龄增加而增加.N集中在叶中,Ca集中在树干,K和Mg主要集中在根,P在不同器官中的分配较均匀.日本落叶松林分年均生物量积累率、固碳率和养分积累率均随林龄的增加而降低,从幼龄林每年7.16 t·hm^-2、3.40 t·hm^-2、104.64 kg·hm^-2降低到成熟林的3.99 t·hm^-2、1.89 t·hm^-2、28.64 kg·hm^-2,表明日本落叶松林幼、中龄阶段固碳潜力大,但养分消耗也高.

Abstract: Based on 7-, 17-, 30-, and 40-year-old Larix kaempferi plantations, this paper studied the influence of tree age on biomass, carbon storage and nutrient characteristics. There was significant difference in biomass and nutrient concentration of stem, bark, needle, branch and root at different development stages at individual tree level. The biomass of each organ showed a trend of increase with the increasing age. The concentrations of N, P, K decreased, Mg concentration increased at first and then decreased, and Ca concentration continued to rise with the increasing age. There was significant difference in biomass of each organ for dominant, intermediate and suppressed trees, but no significant difference in nutrient concentration. It indicated that nutrient concentration of each organ was not affected by competition. At stand level, the total biomass, carbon storage and nutrient accumulation increased with the increasing age. Compared with young stand, the growth rate of biomass, carbon storage and nutrient accumulation were increased by 217%, 218% and 56% in mature stand, respectively. It indicated L. kaempferi had a high nutrient use efficiency, and could utilize less nutrient to produce more dry matter. Except that the accumulation of P and K had a slight decrease in pre-mature stand (30 years old), other elements increased with the increasing age. N mainly concentrated in needle, Ca concentrated in stem, K and Mg concentrated in root and P was distributed evenly in different organs. The annual accumulation rates of biomass, carbon and nutrient of L. kaempferi stands decreased with the increasing age, from 7.16 t·hm^-2, 3.40 t·hm^-2 and 104.64 kg·hm^-2 for young stand to 3.99 t·hm^-2, 1.89 t·hm^-2and 28.64 kg·hm^-2 for mature stand, respectively. It indicated that L. kaempferi plantations had great carbon sequestration potential and high nutrient consumption during young and middle ages.

陈东升, 孙晓梅, 张守攻. 不同年龄日本落叶松人工林生物量、碳储量及养分特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(12): 3759-3768.

CHEN Dong-sheng, SUN Xiao-mei, ZHANG Shou-gong. Biomass, carbon storage and nutrient characteristics in Larix kaempferi plantations at diffe-rent stand ages[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(12): 3759-3768.

参考文献

[1] IPCC. Land Use: Land Use Change and Forestry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000: 373
[2] Scholes RJ, Noble IR. Storing carbon on land. Science, 2001, 294: 1012-1013
[3] Lu XT, Yin JX, Jepsen MR, et al. Ecosystem carbon storage and partitioning in a tropical seasonal forest in Southwestern China. Forest Ecology and Management, 2010, 260: 1798-1803
[4] Jenkins JC, Chojnacky DC, Heath LS, et al. National-scale biomass estimators for United States tree species. Forest Science, 2003, 49: 12-35
[5] Zianis D, Muukkonen P, Makipaa R, et al. Biomass and stem volume equations for tree species in Europe. Silva Fennica, 2005, 4: 1-63
[6] Melin Y, Petersson H, Egnell G. Assessing carbon ba-lance trade-offs between bioenergy and carbon sequestration of stumps at varying time scales and harvest intensities. Forest Ecology and Management, 2010, 260: 536-542
[7] Fang J-Y (方精云), Chen A-P (陈安平). Dynamic forest biomass carbon pools in China and their significance. Acta Botanica Sinica (植物学报), 2001, 43(9): 967-973 (in Chinese)
[8] Xu J-L (徐金良), Mao Y-M (毛玉明), Cheng X-R (成向荣), et al. Long-term effects of thinning on carbon storage in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2014, 25(7): 1898-1904 (in Chinese)
[9] Zhou G-M (周国模), Jiang P-K (姜培坤). Density, storage and spatial distribution of carbon in Phyllostachy pubescens forest. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 2004, 40(6): 20-24 (in Chinese)
[10] Ming M-D (马明东), Jiang H (江洪), Luo C-D (罗承德). Preliminary study of carbon density, net production and carbon stock in natural spruce forests of northwest subalpine Sichuan. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2007, 31(2): 305-312 (in Chinese)
[11] Zha T-G (查同刚). Carbon Balance of a Poplar Plantation Ecosystem in Daxing, Beijing. PhD thesis. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2007 (in Chinese)
[12] Ma W (马炜), Sun Y-J (孙玉军), Guo X-Y (郭孝玉), et al. Carbon storage of Larix olgensis plantation at different stand ages. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2010, 30(17): 4659-4667 (in Chinese)
[13] Peng S-Z (彭守璋), Zhao C-Y (赵传燕), Zheng X-L (郑祥霖), et al. Spatial distribution characteristics of the biomass and carbon storage of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia) forests in Qilian Mountains. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2011, 22(7): 1689-1694 (in Chinese)
[14] Gonzalez-Benecke CA, Martin TA, Cropper WP, et al. Forest management effects on in situ and ex situ slash pine forest carbon balance. Forest Ecology and Management, 2010, 260: 795-805
[15] Hang X-Z (黄兴召). Biomass and Carbon Storage of Larch Plantation. PhD thesis. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Forestry, 2014 (in Chinese)
[16] Hunt SL, Gordon AD, Morris DM. Carbon stocks in managed conifer forests in Northern Ontario, Canada. Silva Fennica, 2010, 44: 563-582
[17] Lan S-A (兰斯安), Du H (杜虎), Zeng F-P (曾馥平), et al. Carbon storage and allocation in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations with different stand ages. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2016, 27(4): 1125-1134 (in Chinese)
[18] Uri V, Aosaar J, Varik M, et al. The dynamics of biomass production, carbon and nitrogen accumulation in grey alder (Alnus incana) chronosequence stands in Estonia. Forest Ecology and Management, 2014, 327: 106-117
[19] Sheng W-T (盛炜彤). Plantation Forest and Their Silvicature Systems in China. Beijing: China Forestry Press, 2014 (in Chinese)
[20] Jokela EJ, Dougherty PM, Martin TA. Production dynamics of intensively managed loblolly pine stands in the southern United States: A synthesis of seven long term experiments. Forest Ecology and Management, 2004, 192: 117-130
[21] Stupak I, Nordfjell T, Gundersen P. Comparing biomass and nutrient removals of stems and fresh and predried whole trees in thinnings in two Norway spruce experiments. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2008, 38: 2660-2673
[22] Turner J, Lambert MJ. Nutrient cycling in age sequences of two eucalyptus plantation species. Forest Ecology and Management, 2008, 255: 1701-1712
[23] Sheng W-T (盛炜彤), Fan S-H (范少辉), et al. Long-term Productivity of Chinese Fir Plantation. Beijing: Science Press, 2005 (in Chinese)
[24] Ma X-Q (马祥庆), Liu A-Q (刘爱琴), Ma Z (马壮), et al. A comparative study on nutrient accumulation and distribution of different generations of Chinese fir plantations. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2000, 11(4): 501-506 (in Chinese)
[25] Yang H-X (杨会侠), Wang S-L (汪思龙), Fan Y-B (范摇冰), et al. Dynamics of nutrients in an age sequence of Pinus massoniana plantation. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2010, 21(8): 1907-1914 (in Chinese)
[26] Peri PL, Gargaglione V, Pastur GM. Dynamics of above- and below-ground biomass and nutrient accumulation in an age sequence of Nothofagus antarctica forest of Southern Patagonia. Forest Ecology and Management, 2006, 233: 85-99
[27] King JS, Giardina CP, Pregitzer KS, et al. Biomass partitioning in red pine (Pinus resinose) along a chronosequence in the upper Peninsula of Michigan. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2007, 37: 93-102
[28] Ding G-J (丁贵杰), Wang P-C (王鹏程). Study on change laws of biomass and productivity of Masson pine forest plantation.Ⅱ. Biomass and productivity of stand at different ages. Forest Research (林业科学研究), 2001, 15(1): 54-60 (in Chinese)
[29] Duan A-G (段爱国), Zhang J-G (张建国), He C-Y (何彩云), et al. Study on the change laws of biomass of Chinese fir plantations. Forest Research (林业科学研究), 2005, 18(2): 125-132 (in Chinese)
[30] Ju W-Z (巨文珍), Wang X-J (王新杰), Sun Y-J (孙玉军). Age structure effects on stand biomass and carbon storage distribution of Larix olgensis plantation. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2011, 31(4): 1139-1148 (in Chinese)
[31] Zhou Q-Y (周群英), Chen S-X (陈少雄), Han F-Y (韩斐扬), et al. Biomass and energy allocation in Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus tereticornis plantations at different stand ages. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2010, 21(1): 16-22 (in Chinese)
[32] Tilman D. The resource ratio hypothesis of plant succession. American Naturalist, 1985, 125: 827-852
[33] Hart PBS, Clinton PW, Allen RB, et al. Biomass and macro-nutrients (above- and below-ground) in a New Zealand beech (Nothofagus) forest ecosystem: Implications for storage and sustainable forest management. Fo-rest Ecology and Management, 2003, 174: 281-294
[34] Wu P-F (吴鹏飞), Zhu B (朱波), Liu S-R (刘世荣), et al. Carbon storage and its allocation in mixed alder-cypress plantations at different age stages. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2008, 9(7): 1419-1424 (in Chinese)
[35] Wen S-Z (文仕知), Tian D-L (田大伦), Yang L-L (杨丽丽), et al. Carbon density, carbon stock and carbon sequestration in Alnus cremastogyne plantation. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 2010, 46(6): 15-21 (in Chinese)
[36] Chen GS, Yang ZJ, Gao S, et al. Carbon storage in a chronosequence of Chinese fir plantations in southern China. Forest Ecology and Management, 2013, 300: 68-76
[37] Yang Y, Wang GX, Shen HH, et al. Dynamics of carbon and nitrogen accumulation and C:N stoichiometry in a deciduous broadleaf forest of deglaciated terrain in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Forest Ecology and Management, 2014, 312: 10-18
[38] Wei W-J (魏文俊), You W-Z (尤文忠), Zhang H-D (张慧东), et al. Biomass carbon pool of larch forests in Liaoning Province. Journal of Northeast Forestry University (东北林业大学学报), 2011, 39(6): 26-29 (in Chinese)
[39] Das DK, Chaturvedi OP. Structure and function of Populus deltoides agroforestry systems in eastern India: Nutrient dynamics. Agroforestry Systems, 2005, 65: 223-230
[40] Damesin C. Respiration and photosynthesis characteristics of current year stems of Fagus sylvatica: From the seasonal pattern to an annual balance. New Phytologist, 2003, 158: 465-475
[41] Kadeba O. Above-ground biomass production and nutrient accumulation in an age sequence of Pinus caribaea stands. Forest Ecology and Management, 1991, 41: 237-248
[42] Alcorn PJ, Forrester DI, Smith RGB, et al. Crown structure and vertical foliage distribution in 4-year-old plantation-grown Eucalyptus pilularis and Eucalyptus cloeziana. Trees, 2013, 27: 555-566
[43] Xu D-P (徐大平), Yang Z-Z (杨曾状), He Q-X (何其轩). Aboveground biomass production and nutrient cycling of middle age plantation of Acacia mangium. Forest Research (林业科学研究), 1998, 11(6): 592-597 (in Chinese)
[44] Yao R-L (姚瑞玲), Ding G-J (丁贵杰), Wang Y (王胤). The annual variation feature of litter and nutrient restitution in different density Pinus massoniana plantation. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science) (南京林业大学学报:自然科学版), 2006, 30(5): 83-86 (in Chinese)
[45] Yang Y-S (杨玉盛), Chen G-S (陈光水), Xie J-S (谢锦升), et al. Nutrient cycling of N and P by a mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Tsoongiodendron odorum in subtropical China. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 2002, 26(4): 473-480 (in Chinese)
[46] Wang H-X (王宏星). Nutrient Characteristics in Diffe-rent Developmental Stages of Larix kaemvferi Plantation. Master Thesis. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Forestry, 2012 (in Chinese)