耕作方式对冬小麦灌浆期光合性能日变化和籽粒产量的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201703.020

应用生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 885-893.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201703.020

耕作方式对冬小麦灌浆期光合性能日变化和籽粒产量的影响

张向前^1,2, 赵秀玲¹, 王钰乔¹, 濮超¹, 保尔江·马合木提³, 陈阜¹, 张海林^1*

¹中国农业大学农学院/农业部农作制度重点实验室, 北京 100193
²内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院植物保护研究所, 呼和浩特 010031
³新疆阿勒泰地区农业技术推广中心, 新疆阿勒泰 836500

收稿日期:2016-07-07 发布日期:2017-03-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: hailin@cau.edu.cn
作者简介:张向前,男,1984年生,博士研究生.主要从事保护性耕作与农田生态研究.E-mail:zhangxiangqian_2008@126.com
基金资助:
本文由公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503136)资助

Effects of tillage practices on photosynthetic performance diurnal variation during filling stage and grain yield of winter wheat

ZHANG Xiang-qian^1,2, ZHAO Xiu-ling¹, WANG Yu-qiao¹, PU Chao¹, BAOER Jiang-mahemuti³, CHEN Fu¹, ZHANG Hai-lin^1*

¹College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
²Plant Protection Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
³Altay Region Agricultural Techno-logy Extension Center, Altay 836500, Xinjiang, China

Received:2016-07-07 Published:2017-03-18
Contact: *E-mail: hailin@cau.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest in China (201503136)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究耕作方式对冬小麦灌浆期光合性能日变化的影响,对灌浆期干物质积累、转运以及产量形成具有重要的理论意义.本研究以中国农业大学吴桥实验站2008年设置的长期耕作定位试验为基础,分析了免耕秸秆不还田(NT)、免耕秸秆还田(NTS)、旋耕秸秆不还田(RT)、旋耕秸秆还田(RTS)、深松秸秆不还田(DT)、深松秸秆还田(DTS)、翻耕秸秆不还田(CT)和翻耕秸秆还田(CTS)耕作处理对冬小麦灌浆期旗叶光合特性日变化、光响应曲线和产量的影响.结果表明: 不同耕作方式对冬小麦灌浆期旗叶净光合速率日变化和气孔导度日变化的影响均呈双峰曲线变化趋势,秸秆还田下不同耕作方式的冬小麦旗叶净光合速率高于相应的秸秆不还田处理;各耕作方式对冬小麦旗叶胞间CO₂浓度日变化的影响均呈“广口V型”双峰曲线变化趋势;除DTS、RTS和RT处理冬小麦旗叶的蒸腾速率日变化规律呈单峰曲线变化外,其他各处理冬小麦旗叶的蒸腾速率日变化均呈“双峰曲线”变化趋势.模拟的最大净光合速率以DTS处理最大,分别比NT、DT、RT、CT、NTS、RTS和CTS处理增加了20.0%、21.7%、19.7%、21.5%、0.8%、12.1%和4.2%;秸秆还田条件下各处理的光响应曲线拟合程度均优于秸秆不还田处理.DTS籽粒产量最高,RTS次之,CTS再次,CT处理最小,DTS处理的籽粒产量分别比NTS、RTS、CTS、NT、DT、RT和CT处理高10.8%、1.3%、2.1%、5.4%、11.9%、12.4%和12.6%.通过光合速率和气孔导度日变化趋势可得,不同耕作方式下秸秆还田技术,特别是DTS和NTS处理可减缓光合午休现象,使冬小麦维持较高的光合速率,有利于干物质积累和产量的提高.

Abstract: Photosynthesis characteristics of winter wheat under different tillage practices during fil-ling stage are vital for dry matter accumulation, transfer, and yield development. A field experiment, including no-till with residue removal (NT), no-till with residue retention (NTS), rotary tillage with residue removal (RT), rotary tillage with residue retained (RTS), subsoiling with residue removal (DT), subsoiling with residue retained (DTS), plow tillage with residue removal (CT), and plow tillage with residue retained (CTS) was conducted at Wuqiao experimental station of China Agricultural University since October 2008. The diurnal variation of photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf, photosynthetic response curve, and crop yield under different tillage practices were evaluated during winter wheat filing stage in this study. The results showed thatthe net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of flag leaf both diurnally varied with the bimodal curve, and the net photosynthetic rates were higher under treatments with residue retained than those under with residue removal. Diurnal variation of intercellular carbon dioxide concentration was observed with a “V-shaped wide mouth” bimodal curve under all treatments. Daily transpiration rate exhibited “double peak curve”, except for the “single peak curve” under DTS, RTS and RT. The stimulated net photosynthetic rate was increased by 20.0%, 21.7%, 19.7%, 21.5%, 0.8%, 12.1% and 4.2% under NT, DT, RT, CT, CTS, RTS, and CTS, compared with DTS, respectively. Photosynthetic response curves were fitted better under treatments with residue retained than under treatments with residue removal. As for crop grain yields, the highest one was observed under DTS, following by RTS and CTS, and the lowest under CT. Crop grain yield was increased by 10.8%, 1.3%, 2.1%, 5.4%, 11.9%, 12.4%, and 12.6% under DTS, compared with NTS, RTS, CTS, NT, DT, RT, and CT, respectively. Thus, residue retaining under different tillage practices (e.g. NTS and DTS) could mitigate the mid-day depression of photosynthesis, maintain a high photosynthetic rate of winter wheat, and improve the dry matter accumulation and crop production.

张向前, 赵秀玲, 王钰乔, 濮超, 保尔江·马合木提, 陈阜, 张海林. 耕作方式对冬小麦灌浆期光合性能日变化和籽粒产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(3): 885-893.

ZHANG Xiang-qian, ZHAO Xiu-ling, WANG Yu-qiao, PU Chao, BAOER Jiang-mahemuti, CHEN Fu, ZHANG Hai-lin. Effects of tillage practices on photosynthetic performance diurnal variation during filling stage and grain yield of winter wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(3): 885-893.

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耕作方式对冬小麦灌浆期光合性能日变化和籽粒产量的影响

Effects of tillage practices on photosynthetic performance diurnal variation during filling stage and grain yield of winter wheat

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