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应用生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 829-837.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201703.031

• 目次 • 上一篇    下一篇

鄂尔多斯高原弃耕农田恢复过程中土壤物理性质和生物结皮的变化

蔡文涛1,2, 李贺祎1,2, 来利明1, 张晓龙1,2, 管天玉1,2, 周继华1,2, 姜联合1, 郑元润1*   

  1. 1中国科学院植物研究所北方资源重点实验室, 北京 100093
    2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2016-08-07 发布日期:2017-03-18
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: zhengyr@ibcas.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:蔡文涛,男,1990年生,硕士研究生.主要从事草地灌丛化研究.E-mail:caiwentao@ibcas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    本文由国家自然科学基金项目(41330749,41401105)资助

Dynamics of soil physical properties and biological soil crust during the vegetation restoration process of abandoned croplands in the Ordos Plateau, China

CAI Wen-tao1,2, LI He-yi1,2, LAI Li-ming1, ZHANG Xiao-long1,2, GUAN Tian-yu1,2, ZHOU Ji-hua1,2, JIANG Lian-he1, ZHENG Yuan-run1*   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
    2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2016-08-07 Published:2017-03-18
  • Contact: *E-mail: zhengyr@ibcas.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41330749, 41401105)

摘要: 在鄂尔多斯高原软梁、硬梁弃耕农田上选取一系列不同时限的弃耕农田,研究弃耕演替过程中地表凋落物、生物结皮,以及不同土层土壤容重、机械组成、含水量的动态变化.结果表明: 软梁弃耕农田表层(0~10 cm)物理环境随弃耕年限增加明显改善,土壤黏粒含量、地表凋落物随弃耕年限增加明显增加,土壤容重明显降低,土壤含水率略微升高;中层(10~30 cm)土壤物理环境随弃耕年限增加稍显恶化,土壤黏粒含量升高,土壤含水量略微降低;深层(30~50 cm)土壤物理性质变异较大.硬梁弃耕农田土壤表面凋落物盖度、生物结皮盖度、生物结皮厚度随弃耕年限增加而增加,表层(0~10 cm)土壤容重、黏粒含量、含水量随弃耕年限变化总体变化不显著,深层(10~40 cm)土壤物理性质变异较大.地表凋落物和土壤黏粒物质的累积导致软梁弃耕农田土壤水分浅层化,可能是20年内浅根性多年生草本植物群落取代半灌木油蒿群落的关键因素.硬梁弃耕农田在演替过程中未见油蒿入侵,可能与较高的浅层含水量和生物结皮发育有关.

Abstract: A series of typical abandoned croplands in the regions of Ruanliang and Yingliang in the Ordos Plateau, China, were selected, and dynamics of the surface litter, biological soil crust and soil bulk density, soil texture, and soil moisture in different soil layers were investigated. The results showed that in the abandoned cropland in Ruanliang, the clay particle content and surface litter of the surface soil layer (0-10 cm) increased during the restoration process, while that of soil bulk density substantially decreased and soil water content slightly increased in the surface soil. In the medium soil layer (10-30 cm), the clay particle content increased and the soil water content slightly decreased. In the deep soil layer (30-50 cm), there was a relatively large variation in the physical properties. In the abandoned cropland in Yingliang, the coverage of litter and the coverage and thickness of the biological soil crust increased during the abandonment process. The surface soil bulk density, soil clay particle content and soil water content remained constant in 0-10 cm soil layer, while the physical properties varied substantially in 10-40 cm soil layer. The shallow distribution of the soil water content caused by the accumulation of the litter and clay particles on the soil surface might be the key reason of the replacement of the semi-shrub Artemisia ordosica community with a perennial grass community over the last 20 years of the abandoned cropland in Ruanliang. The relatively high soil water content in the shallow layer and the development of the biological soil crust might explain why the abandoned cropland in Yingliang was not invaded by the semi-shrub A. ordosica during the restoration process.