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应用生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 1211-1218.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201704.016

• 目次 • 上一篇    下一篇

短期深旋松对黄淮海沙姜黑土耕层结构及小麦生长的影响

翟振1, 李玉义1, 张莉1, 逄博1, 逄焕成1*, 韦本辉2, 王庆伟3, 綦少伟3   

  1. 1中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081
    2广西农业科学院经济作物研究所, 南宁 530007
    3潍坊宏基农机专业合作社, 山东潍坊 261500
  • 收稿日期:2016-07-21 出版日期:2017-04-18 发布日期:2017-04-18
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: panghuancheng@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:翟振,男,1988年生,博士研究生.主要从事合理耕层构建与温室气体减排研究.E-mail:zhaizhentab@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本文由公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303130) 资助

Effects of short-term deep vertically rotary tillage on topsoil structure of lime concretion black soil and wheat growth in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China

ZHAI Zhen1, LI Yu-yi1, ZHANG Li1, PANG Bo1, PANG Huan-cheng1*, WEI Ben-hui2, WANG Qing-wei3, QI Shao-wei3   

  1. 1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    2Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
    3Hongji Agricultural Machinery Cooperative, Weifang 261500, Shandong, China
  • Received:2016-07-21 Online:2017-04-18 Published:2017-04-18
  • Contact: * E-mail: panghuancheng@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201303130)

摘要: 针对黄淮海平原由于连年旋耕所导致的犁底层加厚上移、耕层变浅的问题,引入一种全新的耕作技术——深旋松耕,以改良耕层障碍因素,提高冬小麦产量.设置深松20 cm(SS20)、深旋松30 cm(DVR30)两个处理,以深松20 cm为对照,研究深旋松耕作对土壤物理特性及小麦开花期光合特性的影响.结果表明: DVR30处理能够充分破除犁底层,DVR30处理10~20和20~30 cm土层容重分别较SS20处理降低了9.5%和11.2%,DVR30处理20~30 cm穿透阻力较SS20处理降低了42.3%.DVR30能够增强水分入渗能力,提高土壤深层贮水量.随着深度的增加,DVR30处理土壤含水量显著增加,30~40和40~50 cm土层含水量分别较SS20处理提高16.9%和10.6%,且差异达到显著水平,0~50 cm土壤贮水量提高3.3%.DVR30处理创造了良好的耕层环境,促进了小麦开花期光合能力的提高,与SS20处理相比,DVR30处理小麦开花期叶片相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)及净光合速率分别提高1.3%和15.5%,小麦地上部、地下部干物质累积量亦有显著增加,同时DVR30处理通过提高小麦有效穗数,提高了产量,实际增产12.4%.综上,短期深旋松耕作能够充分破除犁底层、深松活土,为构建合理耕层结构、充分挖掘耕层潜力提供了一种新的技术手段.

关键词: 穿透阻力, 光合特性, 犁底层, 水分利用率, 深旋松耕作

Abstract: Annual rotary tillage can often create a compacted plough pan and shallow arable layer which hampers the high crop yield in Huang-Huai-Hai region. A brand new farming method named Vertically Rotary Tillage was introduced to solve this problem. One short-term field experiment was conducted to explore the effect of deep vertically rotary tillage on soil physical properties and photosynthetic characteristics at flowering stage of winter wheat. Two tillage treatments were designed including subsoiling tillage with 20 cm depth (SS20, CK) and deep vertically rotary tillage with 30 cm depth (DVR30). The result showed that compared with SS20 treatment, DVR30 treatment could thoroughly break the plow pan and loose the arable layer. The soil bulk density at 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm layers under DVR30 treatment was decreased by 9.5% and 11.2% respectively than that under SS20 treatment. Meanwhile, the penetration resistance at 20-30 cm layer under DVR30 treatment was also decreased by 42.3% than that under SS20 treatment. Moreover, water infiltration under DVR30 treatment and the soil water storage in the deep soil layers was then increased. The mass water content of soil increased significantly with the increase of soil depth. There was significant difference of mass water content of 30-40 cm 40-50 cm between SS20 and DVR30. The mass water content 30-40 cm and 40-50 cm layers under DVR30 treatment was increased by 16.9% and 10.6% compared with SS20 treatment, respectively. Furthermore, DVR30 treatment promoted the improvement of the photosynthetic capacity of wheat which could contribute to the dry matter accumulation of winter wheat. The net photosynthesis rate and SPAD at flowering stage of winter wheat leaves under DVR30 treatment were increased by 1.3% and 15.5% respectively than that under SS20 treatment, thereby the above and underground dry matter accumulation of winter wheat under DVR30 was increased significantly. Due to all the superiority of DVR30 treatment over SS20 treatment showed above, the winter wheat yield under DVR30 treatment was increased by 12.4% than that under SS20. It was concluded that deep vertically rotary tillage could provide a new and effective way to break up the compacted plough pan, build a reasonable soil structure and increase crop yield.

Key words: deep vertically rotary tillage, water use efficiency, photosynthetic characteristics, plow pan, penetration resistance