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应用生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (5): 1727-1734.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201705.001

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大数据在生态环境领域的应用进展与展望

赵苗苗1,2, 赵师成3, 张丽云1, 赵芬1, 邵蕊1, 刘丽香1, 赵海凤1, 徐明1*   

  1. 1中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101;
    2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
    3信阳农林学院, 河南信阳 464000
  • 收稿日期:2016-08-02 修回日期:2017-02-05 发布日期:2017-05-18
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: mingxu@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:赵苗苗, 女, 1991 年生, 硕士研究生. 主要从事全球气候变化和生态系统模型研究. E-mail: zhaomm.14s@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    本文由青海生态系统服务功能监测与价值评估项目(2013-N-556)、国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2012CB417103)和四川省林业厅项目(2009-204)资助

Applications of eco-environmental big data: Progress and prospect

ZHAO Miao-miao1,2, ZHAO Shi-cheng3, ZHANG Li-yun1, ZHAO Fen1, SHAO Rui1, LIU Li-xiang1, ZHAO Hai-feng1, XU Ming1*   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
    2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3Xinyang Agricultural and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
  • Received:2016-08-02 Revised:2017-02-05 Published:2017-05-18
  • Contact: *E-mail: mingxu@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Ecosystem Services Monitoring and Value Evaluation in Qinghai (2013-N-556), the National Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China (2012CB417103), and the Project of Forestry Department of Sichuan Province (2009-204)

摘要: 随着互联网和移动通讯技术的发展,生态环境领域从信息采集到加工处理也进入信息化和数字化时代,数据量呈现爆发式增长,生态环境大数据受到越来越多的关注.生态环境大数据是在对生态环境要素“空天地一体化”连续观测的基础上,集成海量的多源多尺度信息,借助云计算、人工智能及模型模拟等大数据分析技术,实现生态环境大数据的集成分析和信息挖掘.生态环境大数据存在数据来源多样、涉及部门广;数据采集方式不统一;服务对象众多、对专业化服务要求高等特点.大数据已在生态环境领域得到了初步应用,如在全球气候变化预测、生态网络观测与模拟和区域大气污染治理等方面作用明显.目前我国生态环境大数据的发展还存在诸多问题,包括数据共享难、监测技术落后、传感器等监测设备严重依赖进口、数据集成和深度分析能力不足等.随着大数据技术的进步,未来大数据在解决生态环境健康问题、提高重大生态环境风险预警预报水平、提高生态环境领域科学研究水平等方面都将发挥巨大作用.大数据将最终实现生态环境管理决策定量化、精细化,生态环境信息服务多样化、专业化和智能化,为中国社会经济可持续发展和生态文明建设提供技术保障.

Abstract: With the advance of internet and wireless communication technology, the fields of ecology and environment have entered a new digital era with the amount of data growing explosively and big data technologies attracting more and more attention. The eco-environmental big data is based airborne and space-/land-based observations of ecological and environmental factors and its ultimate goal is to integrate multi-source and multi-scale data for information mining by taking advantages of cloud computation, artificial intelligence, and modeling technologies. In comparison with other fields, the eco-environmental big data has its own characteristics, such as diverse data formats and sources, data collected with various protocols and standards, and serving different clients and organizations with special requirements. Big data technology has been applied worldwide in ecological and environmental fields including global climate prediction, ecological network observation and modeling, and regional air pollution control. The development of eco-environmental big data in China is facing many problems, such as data sharing issues, outdated monitoring facilities and techno-logies, and insufficient data mining capacity. Despite all this, big data technology is critical to solving eco-environmental problems, improving prediction and warning accuracy on eco-environmental catastrophes, and boosting scientific research in the field in China. We expected that the eco-environmental big data would contribute significantly to policy making and environmental services and management, and thus the sustainable development and eco-civilization construction in China in the coming decades.