氮肥运筹对小麦产量、氮素利用效率和光能利用率的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201706.008

应用生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (6): 1889-1898.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201706.008

氮肥运筹对小麦产量、氮素利用效率和光能利用率的影响

吴晓丽¹, 李朝苏¹, 汤永禄^1*, 刘于斌², 李伯群³, 樊高琼⁴, 熊涛¹

¹四川省农业科学院作物研究所, 成都 610066
²西昌农业科学研究所, 四川凉山 618300
³重庆市作物研究所, 重庆 402160
⁴四川农业大学农学院, 成都 611130

收稿日期:2016-10-13 发布日期:2017-06-18
通讯作者: *E-mail:ttyycc88@163.con
作者简介:吴晓丽,女,1984年生,博士,副研究员.主要从事小麦高产生理生态研究.E-mail:wuxiaolicjq@126.com
基金资助:
本文由国家小麦产业技术体系建设资金项目(CARS-3-1-23)资助

Effect of nitrogen management modes on grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and light use efficiency of wheat

WU Xiao-li¹, LI Chao-su¹, TANG Yong-lu^1*, LIU Yu-bin², LI Bo-qun³, FAN Gao-qiong⁴, XIONG Tao¹

¹Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
²Xichang Agricultural Science Research Institute, Liangshan 618300, Sichuan, China
³Chongqing Institute of Crop, Chongqing 402160, China
⁴College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China

Received:2016-10-13 Published:2017-06-18
Contact: *E-mail:ttyycc88@163.con
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Modern Agriculture Industry Technology System Construction Fund (CARS-3-1-23)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 连续2年在西南冬麦区的重庆、仁寿、广汉、西昌4个地点,开展3种施氮水平(每公顷纯氮0、120、180 kg,简写为N₀、N₁₂₀、N₁₈₀)和3种氮肥分配模式(N_A:底肥100%;N_B:底肥70%+苗肥30%;N_C:底肥60%+拔节肥40%)的田间试验,监测小麦花后冠层叶片SPAD值、群体光合速率(CAP)、光能利用等生理参数和籽粒产量,计算氮素利用效率、光能利用率等.结果表明: 随施氮水平增加,小麦上三叶SPAD值、CAP、光合有效辐射(PAR)截获率和产量均呈增加趋势,而氮肥农学利用效率、生产效率、吸收效率和利用效率呈降低趋势.氮肥后移的增效作用因施氮水平而异,SPAD于N₁₈₀增效明显,而CAP于N₁₂₀增效明显,不同氮肥管理模式的光能利用率因地点而异.氮肥后移能明显提高小麦氮肥农学效率、生产效率、吸收效率和氮素表观回收率,但氮肥利用效率则略有减少.氮肥后移效果N_C总体优于N_B处理.不同地点比较,广汉的SPAD值、CAP、PAR截获率、氮肥利用参数较高,其产量也相应最高;西昌的产量、SPAD值及氮素利用效率较高,但其光能利用率和CAP较低;重庆和仁寿的SPAD值、光能利用率及氮素利用效率均较低,其产量也最低.小麦生物产量与各地点的籽粒产量、CAP、SPAD值和PAR累积截获量均呈显著或极显著的正相关关系.表明不同生态区域增施氮肥都能促进小麦增产,氮肥后移可进一步优化产量结构、改善氮肥和光能利用效率,但存在年份和地点差异,各地需要制定有针对性的氮肥管理模式.

Abstract: A nitrogen management experiment with three nitrogen levels (0, 120, and 180 kg·hm^-2, namely N₀, N₁₂₀, N₁₈₀) and three nitrogen allocation modes (N_A: base fertilizer 100%; N_B: base fertilizer 70% + seedling fertilizer 30%; N_C: base fertilizer 60% + jointing fertilizer 40%) was conducted at four sites (Chongqing, Renshou, Guanghan and Xichang) during two consecutive years, the SPAD value, canopy photosynthetic rate (CAP), photosynthetically active radia-tion (PAR) interception efficiency and grain yield were determined, and the nitrogen use efficiency and PAR use efficiency were calculated. The results showed that the SPAD of upper-most three leaves, CAP, PAR interception efficiency and grain yield were promoted with increasing nitrogen fertilizer, but nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, productivity efficiency, uptake efficiency and use efficiency were decreased. The promoting effects of nitrogen fertilizer postponing were different among nitrogen levels, with the highest SPAD in N₁₈₀ treatment and the highest CAP in N₁₂₀ treatment. The light use efficiency of different nitrogen fertilization patterns differed among four sites. Furthermore, nitrogenous fertilizer postponing significantly increased nitrogen agricultural fertilizer use efficiency, productivity efficiency, uptake efficiency and apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency, but declined nitrogen use efficiency, and the performance of N_C was better than N_B.Among different sites, Guanghan had the highest SPAD, CAP, PAR interception efficiency and grain yield, Xichang had higher SPAD and nitrogen use efficiency, lower CAP and PAR use efficiency, Chongqing and Renshou had the lowest SPAD, light use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield. Biomass had significant positive relationships with grain yield, CPA, SPAD, and PAR interception efficiency. Therefore, the increase of nitrogen fertilizer could promote yield at all sites, and nitrogenous fertilizer postponing could further optimize grain yield component and improve nitrogen and light use effi-ciency. But the effects depended on the years and sites, thus a target nitrogen management mode should be site-specifically made.

吴晓丽, 李朝苏, 汤永禄, 刘于斌, 李伯群, 樊高琼, 熊涛. 氮肥运筹对小麦产量、氮素利用效率和光能利用率的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(6): 1889-1898.

WU Xiao-li, LI Chao-su, TANG Yong-lu, LIU Yu-bin, LI Bo-qun, FAN Gao-qiong, XIONG Tao. Effect of nitrogen management modes on grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and light use efficiency of wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(6): 1889-1898.

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氮肥运筹对小麦产量、氮素利用效率和光能利用率的影响

Effect of nitrogen management modes on grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and light use efficiency of wheat

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