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应用生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (7): 2327-2338.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201707.016

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应用碳氮同位素技术研究重金属在大亚湾食物网中的累积

杜森1,2, 周岩岩1,2, 张黎1*   

  1. 1中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室, 广州 510301
    2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2017-02-08 修回日期:2017-04-24 发布日期:2017-07-18
  • 通讯作者: *mail:zhangli@scsio.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:杜森,男,1992年生,硕士研究生.主要从事海洋生态毒理学研究.E-mail:dusen14@mails.ucas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    本文由国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2015CB452904)和国家自然科学基金项目(41376161)资助

Application of stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) in studies on heavy metals bioaccumulation in Daya Bay food web

DU Sen1,2, ZHOU Yan-yan1,2, ZHANG Li1*   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
    2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2017-02-08 Revised:2017-04-24 Published:2017-07-18
  • Contact: *mail:zhangli@scsio.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Ba-sic Research Program of China (2015CB452904) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (41376161).

摘要: 大亚湾是受人类活动影响严重的典型亚热带半封闭海湾,长期受到重金属污染的压力,但是重金属在大亚湾生态系统中的累积情况尚不清楚.于2015年夏、冬两季(6月和12月)分别采集海水、沉积物和生物样品(包括浮游生物、游泳生物、底栖生物),在通过稳定同位素(δ13C和δ15N)构建大亚湾食物网结构的基础上,分析重金属(Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ag、Cd和Pb)在大亚湾食物网中的累积和传递特征.结果表明:大亚湾生物体的主要物质来源于海洋,但也受到淡水输入的影响;大亚湾生态系统的食物链长度较短,最高营养级为3.48;高级捕食者鱼类在夏季摄食广泛,而冬季偏向于底栖食性.大亚湾环境和生物体内重金属浓度整体符合国家标准,仅发现个别站位海水中Zn和Pb超出第一类海水水质标准,口虾蛄和断脊口虾蛄体内Cd超过农产品安全标准.Cr、Co、Ni、Zn、Cd、Pb在夏、冬两季沿着食物链的传递其生物累积水平显著降低;Cu在夏季沿着食物链的传递其生物累积水平显著降低,冬季有降低趋势但不显著;Ag与营养级之间并没有显著相关性,但在甲壳动物中有生物放大的潜能.研究表明大亚湾生态系统中重金属基本处于正常状态,而Zn、Ag、Cd、Pb等重金属需要进一步关注.

Abstract: The Daya Bay is a typical subtropical bay in Southern China, and chronically stressed by heavy metal pollution. The bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Daya Bay ecosystem is still unclear. In this study, heavy metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Pb) and stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) were analyzed in seawater, sediment, and organisms (planktons, benthos and nektons) sampled from Daya Bay in June and December of 2015, in order to illuminate the influences of heavy metals to Daya Bay ecosystem and the basic information of environmental monitoring and risk assessment. Results showed that the major source of matter in the organisms in Daya Bay was originated from the ocean, while the freshwater input was limited. The food chain of Daya Bay was short and the highest trophic level was 3.48. The nekton predators (e.g. fish) in Daya Bay were omnivorous, and preferred benthic feeding habit in the winter. The levels of heavy metals in environment and organisms generally did not exceed the criteria according to the National Agriculture Products and the National Water Quality of China, except Zn and Pb in seawater and Cd in two crustaceans (Oratosquilla oratoria and Oratosquilla interrupta). Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd and Pb were found to be biominimized along the Daya Bay food web. Cu was biominimized in the summer, but this trend was not significant in the winter. There was no significant correlation between Ag concentration and trophic level in both seasons, in contrast, there was a potential biomagnification of Ag in crustacean. Overall, the levels of heavy metals in Daya Bay ecosystems were relatively low, and further attention should be paid to Zn, Ag, Cd and Pb.