湖南张家界大鲵栖息地大型无脊椎动物组成及其与环境因子的关系

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201709.035

应用生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (9): 3032-3040.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201709.035

湖南张家界大鲵栖息地大型无脊椎动物组成及其与环境因子的关系

王崇瑞¹, 梁志强^1,4, 索纹纹¹, 伍远安^1,4, 何平³, 伍骥³, 危起伟^2*, 刘训华¹

¹湖南省水产科学研究所, 长沙 410153
²中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所, 武汉 430223
³湖南省大鲵救护中心, 湖南张家界 427000
⁴水产高效健康生产湖南省协同创新中心, 湖南常德 415000

收稿日期:2017-01-12 出版日期:2017-09-18 发布日期:2017-09-18
通讯作者: * E-mail: weiqw@yfi.ac.cn
作者简介:王崇瑞,男,1984年生,助理研究员.主要从事淡水生态学和渔业资源研究. E-mail: kevinking99@163.com
基金资助:
本文由公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203086)、湖南省科技厅重点科研计划项目(2013NK2007)和农业部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室开放课题(LFBC0809)资助

Relationship between macroinvertebrate composition and environmental factors in habitats of Chinese giant salamander in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, China.

WANG Chong-rui¹, LIANG Zhi-qiang^1,4, SUO Wen-wen¹, WU Yuan-an^1,4, HE Ping³, WU Ji³, WEI Qi-wei^2*, LIU Xun-hua¹

¹Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China;
²Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Freshwater of Biodiversity Conservation, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Insititute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China;
³Chinese Giant Salamander Rescue Center of Hunan Province, Zhangjiajie 427000, Hunan, China;
⁴Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde 415000, Hunan,China.

Received:2017-01-12 Online:2017-09-18 Published:2017-09-18
Contact: * E-mail: weiqw@yfi.ac.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201203086), Major Scientific Research Foundation of Science & Technology Department of Hunan Province, China (2013NK2007) and Open Topic of Key Laboratoty of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2013年1月和2014年1月对湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区内5个大鲵栖息地河段进行了大型无脊椎动物采样调查.结果表明: 2次采样分别鉴定出大型无脊椎动物73和78个分类单元,隶属5门8纲16目,均以水生昆虫为优势类群,分别占总分类单元总数的90.4%和89.7%;2次采样大型无脊椎动物平均密度分别为1610.4和1671.4 ind·m^-2,平均生物量分别为11.22和12.34 g·m^-2. 2次调查各采样点大型无脊椎动物Shannon指数平均值分别为2.45和2.33,Margalef丰富度指数平均值分别为4.01和3.76,Pielou均匀度指数平均值分别为0.72和0.69,表明大鲵栖息地河段生境质量有所下降.张家界大鲵栖息地河段大型无脊椎动物丰度-生物量曲线分析表明,骡子塔和芭茅溪采样点河段生境受到中等扰动,七眼泉为受干扰最轻微的河段.基于大型无脊椎动物密度的Bray-Curtis相似性系数的NMDS分析结果显示,在40%的相似度下,2013年各样点都可以较好地聚在一起,2014年各样点较为离散. 对各采样点在NMDS第一轴和第二轴上的得分与环境因子的Spearman相关性分析表明,河宽、铵态氮、海拔、化学需氧量和五日生化需要量与大型无脊椎动物显著相关.保护区内大鲵栖息地生境整体上仍相对良好,可以满足大鲵的生态需求,但保护区的某些区域人为破坏较重.建议采取严格的管理制度和科学的保护措施来遏制人为破坏,并逐步恢复大鲵栖息生境.

Abstract: In January 2013 and 2014, field investigations were conducted at 5 sampling sites located in the Hunan Zhangjiajie Chinese Giant Salamander National Nature Reserve. The results showed that: 1) A total of 73 and 78 taxa were identified in two surveys, respectively, belonging to 16 orders, 8 classes, and 5 phyla. Aquatic insects dominated the macroinvertebrate assemblages, accounting for 90.4% and 89.7% of the total number of taxa in the two surveys, respectively; 2) The average density of macroinvertebrates was 1610.4 ind·m^-2 and 1671.4 ind·m^-2, and the average biomass of macroinvertebrates was 11.22 g·m^-2and 12.34 g·m^-2 in the two surveys, respectively; 3) The two surveys had, respectively, an average Shannon diversity index (H) of 2.45 and 2.33, an average Margalef diversity index (d_M) of 4.01 and 3.76, and an average Pielou evenness index (J) of 0.72 and 0.69. By comparing the average biodiversity indices between January 2013 and 2014, the habitat quality of Chinese giant salamander appeared to have declined; 4) The comparison curves of abundance and biomass at each sampling site in the two surveys indicated that the quality of river habitat experienced moderate disturbance at sampling sites S₁ and S₅, and that only sampling site S₄ was undisturbed; 5) Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination, based on macroinvertebrate abundance, showed the convergence between all sampling sites was better in 2013 than in 2014 under a similarity of 40%; 6) The association between the NMDS ordination scores (axis 1 and axis 2) and environmental variables were tested by Spearman rank correlation. The results showed that the following environmental variables had explanatory power on macroinvertebrate assemblage: River width, NH₄⁺-N, altitude, COD_Mn, and BOD₅. In summary, the relationship between macroinvertebrate composition and environmental factors showed that some streams in the Reserve still supported a relatively favorable habitat, which could meet the habitat requirements for the Chinese giant salamander. However, some regions in this Reserve had been experiencing increased human impacts that made the habitat fragile. Therefore, we are calling for a strict management and protection strategy to be put in place in this region.

王崇瑞, 梁志强, 索纹纹, 伍远安, 何平, 伍骥, 危起伟, 刘训华. 湖南张家界大鲵栖息地大型无脊椎动物组成及其与环境因子的关系[J]. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(9): 3032-3040.

WANG Chong-rui, LIANG Zhi-qiang, SUO Wen-wen, WU Yuan-an, HE Ping, WU Ji, WEI Qi-wei, LIU Xun-hua. Relationship between macroinvertebrate composition and environmental factors in habitats of Chinese giant salamander in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(9): 3032-3040.

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湖南张家界大鲵栖息地大型无脊椎动物组成及其与环境因子的关系

Relationship between macroinvertebrate composition and environmental factors in habitats of Chinese giant salamander in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, China.

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