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应用生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (11): 3610-3618.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201711.025

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不同发育时期小麦种子活力的变化及其对环境温度的响应

陈路路1,2, 孙爱清1, 李美玲1, 马雪丽1, 田恩云1, 陈蕾太1, 杨敏1, 尹燕枰1*   

  1. 1 山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/山东省作物生物学重点实验室, 山东泰安 271018
    2 泰安市农业科学研究院, 山东泰安 271000
  • 出版日期:2017-11-18 发布日期:2017-11-18
  • 通讯作者: *mail:ypyin@sdau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:陈路路, 女, 1992年生, 硕士研究生.主要从事种子生物学研究.E-mail:happychenlulu@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    本文由国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303002)和国家自然科学基金项目(31171626)资助

Changes of wheat seed vigor at different development stages and their response to environmental temperature

CHEN Lu-lu1,2, SUN Ai-qing1, LI Mei-ling1, MA Xue-li1, TIAN En-yun1, CHEN Lei-tai1, YANG Min1, YIN Yan-ping1*   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2 Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
  • Online:2017-11-18 Published:2017-11-18
  • Contact: *mail:ypyin@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (201303002) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171626)

摘要: 以济麦22和山农23号为试验材料,利用标准发芽试验法对不同年份小麦种子发育过程中的种子活力变化进行研究,分析环境温度对不同发育时期小麦种子活力变化的影响,为早期小麦种子的利用及高活力种子的生产提供参考依据.结果表明: 伴随着小麦种子发育,鲜种子在花后26 d左右出现发芽能力,之后其发芽率整体呈上升趋势;干种子发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数在花后5~8 d迅速升高,之后保持相对稳定,活力指数主要受到幼苗单株干质量的影响而持续升高,一般在完熟前4~6 d达到最大值;不同发育时期小麦干种子的田间种植及其后代种子的活力测定表明,济麦22花后17 d以后的干种子田间出苗较好,并可成穗结实,其后代种子的发芽率和活力指数在不同样品间无显著差异.环境温度对不同发育时期小麦种子活力变化的影响显著,小麦花后日平均温度均值、日最高气温均值以及日最低气温均值均高,且花后日温差均值大的年份,种子发育时间短、百粒重及种子活力达到最大值的时间较早;反之,发育时间较长、百粒重及种子活力达到最大值的时间较晚,但完熟期积温高,种子活力较高.

Abstract: Two wheat cultivars (Jimai 22 and Shannong 23) were selected to investigate the changes of seed vigor at different development stages in different years by standard germination test, and the effect of environmental temperature on it was also analyzed, which would provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of early wheat seeds and the production of high vigor seeds. The results showed that the germination ability of fresh seeds appeared around 26 d after anthesis, and then the germination rate of fresh seeds displayed an overall upward trend with the development of wheat seeds. The germination energy, germination rate and germination index of dry seeds rapidly increased from 5 d to 8 d after anthesis, and then remained relatively stable, while the vigor index increased continually and reached the peak 4-6 days before the end of ripening due to the increase of seedling dry mass. The dry seeds at different developmental stages were also studied by field-plan-ting and the seed vigor of their progenies was also determined. For Jimai 22, the results indicated that the field emergence of dry seeds at 17 d after anthesis was higher and the plant could form grains, there were no significant differences in germination rate and vigor index among different samples of progeny seeds. In addition, the changes of seed vigor at different development stages were significantly affected by the environmental temperature. In the year with the high mean daily average temperature, high mean daily maximum temperature, high mean daily minimum temperature after anthesis, and large mean daily temperature difference after anthesis, the seed development time was shorter, but the 100-grain mass and seed vigor reached the peak earlier; Otherwise, the seed development time was longer, but the accumulated temperature of ripe stage was higher, and the seed vigor was higher.