黄土高原雨水集聚深层入渗(RWCI)系统下山地果园土壤水分时空变异特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201711.028

应用生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (11): 3544-3552.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201711.028

黄土高原雨水集聚深层入渗(RWCI)系统下山地果园土壤水分时空变异特征

宋小林^1,3, 赵西宁^2,3,4, 高晓东^2,3, 吴普特^1,2,3*, 马文^3,4, 姚杰⁵, 蒋小莉⁵, 张伟^3,4

1 西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院, 陕西杨凌 712100
2 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100
3 西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院, 陕西杨凌 712100
4 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 陕西杨凌 712100
5 延安市宝塔区果业局, 陕西延安 716000

出版日期:2017-11-18 发布日期:2017-11-18
通讯作者: *mail:gizwpt@vip.sina.com
作者简介:宋小林, 男, 1984年生, 博士.主要从事节水农业研究.E-mail:fenying23@163.com
基金资助:
本文由国家自然科学基金项目(41401315,41571506,51579212)、中国科学院重点部署项目(KFZD-SW-306)、国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400204)和陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2015KTCL02-25,2016KTZDNY-01-03)资助

Spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture of mountain apple orchards with rainwater collection and infiltration (RWCI) system in the Loess Plateau, China

SONG Xiao-lin^1,3, ZHAO Xi-ning^2,3,4, GAO Xiao-dong^2,3, WU Pu-te^1,2,3^*, MA Wen^3,4, YAO Jie⁵, JIANG Xiao-li⁵, ZHANG Wei^3,4

1 College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
2 Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
3 Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China IWSA, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
4 College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
5 Baota District Fruit Bureau, Yan’an 716000, Shaanxi, China

Online:2017-11-18 Published:2017-11-18
Contact: *mail:gizwpt@vip.sina.com
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41401315, 41571506, 51579212), the Key Development Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KFZD-SW-306), the National Key Research and Development Plan (2016YFC0400204), and the Integrative Science-Technology Innovation Engineering Project of Shaanxi (2015KTCL02-25, 2016KTZDNY-01-03)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水资源短缺是影响黄土高原雨养农业发展的关键性因素,雨水资源开发是缓解该地区水资源短缺的有效措施.本研究利用管式 TDR 系统监测21年红富士老果园0～300 cm土层土壤含水率变化,分析了雨水集聚深层入渗(RWCI)系统下黄土高原旱作山地果园土壤水分时空分布特征.结果表明: RWCI系统能够显著增加果园土壤含水率,特别是40～80 cm土层(土壤含水率低值区)土壤含水率,在该区域,不同设计深度(40、60和80 cm)RWCI处理(RWCI₄₀、RWCI₆₀和RWCI₈₀)年均土壤含水率分别较鱼鳞坑(CK)处理提高75.3%、85.4%和62.4%,分别较裸露坡地(BS)处理提高39.2%、47.2%和29.1%.RWCI₄₀、RWCI₆₀和RWCI₈₀处理土壤水分入渗最大深度分别为80、120和180 cm,显著深于CK处理(60 cm),其中土壤水分变化幅度最大的土层分别主要发生在0～60、0～100和0～120 cm.在果树整个生育期内,RWCI处理土壤平均含水率(0～300 cm)以RWCI₈₀处理最大,其次是RWCI₄₀和RWCI₆₀处理.总体来看,RWCI系统是黄土高原实现雨水资源化和农业高效用水的有效措施.

Abstract: Water scarcity is a critical factor influencing rain-fed agricultural production on the Loess Plateau, and the exploitation of rainwater is an effective avenue to alleviate water scarcity in this area. This study was conducted to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of soil moisture in the 0-300 cm under a 21-year-old apple orchard with the rainwater collection and infiltration (RWCI) system by using a time domain reflectometer (TDR) probe on the Loess Plateau. The results showed that there was a low soil moisture zone in the 40-80 cm under the CK, and the RWCI system significantly increased soil moisture in this depth interval. Over this depth, the annual average soil moisture under RWCI₄₀, RWCI₆₀ and RWCI₈₀ was 39.2%, 47.2% and 29.1% higher than that of bare slope (BS) and 75.3%, 85.4% and 62.7% higher than that of CK, respectively. The maximum infiltration depth of water under RWCI₄₀, RWCI₆₀ and RWCI₈₀ was 80 cm, 120 cm and 180 cm, respectively, and the soil moisture in the 0-60, 0-100 and 0-120 cm was more affected by RWCI₄₀, RWCI₆₀ and RWCI₈₀, respectively. Over the whole growth period of apple tree, the maximum value of soil moisture content in the 0-300 cm existed in the RWCI₈₀ treatment, followed by the RWCI₄₀ and RWCI₆₀ treatments. Overall, the RWCI system is an effective meaning of transforming rainwater to available water resources and realizing efficient use of agricultural water on the Loess Plateau.

宋小林, 赵西宁, 高晓东, 吴普特, 马文, 姚杰, 蒋小莉, 张伟. 黄土高原雨水集聚深层入渗(RWCI)系统下山地果园土壤水分时空变异特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(11): 3544-3552.

SONG Xiao-lin, ZHAO Xi-ning, GAO Xiao-dong, WU Pu-te, MA Wen, YAO Jie, JIANG Xiao-li, ZHANG Wei. Spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture of mountain apple orchards with rainwater collection and infiltration (RWCI) system in the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(11): 3544-3552.

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黄土高原雨水集聚深层入渗(RWCI)系统下山地果园土壤水分时空变异特征

Spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture of mountain apple orchards with rainwater collection and infiltration (RWCI) system in the Loess Plateau, China

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