极端晚播对小麦籽粒产量、氮素吸收利用和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201801.026

应用生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (1): 185-192.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201801.026

极端晚播对小麦籽粒产量、氮素吸收利用和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响

吴金芝¹, 黄明¹, 王志敏^2*, 李友军¹, 付国占¹, 陈明灿¹

¹河南科技大学农学院, 河南洛阳 471023;
²中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院, 北京 100193

收稿日期:2017-03-14 出版日期:2018-01-18 发布日期:2018-01-18
通讯作者: * E-mail: zhimin206@263.net
作者简介:吴金芝, 女, 1978年生, 博士, 副教授. 主要从事小麦高产优质高效栽培研究. E-mail: yywujz@126.com
基金资助:
本文由国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-3-1-03)、国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203033-2)和河南科技大学博士科研启动基金项目(13480070)资助

Effects of extremely-late sowing on the grain yield, nitrogen uptake and utilization, and grain protein content in winter wheat

WU Jin-zhi¹, HUANG Ming¹, WANG Zhi-min^2*, LI You-jun¹, FU Guo-zhan¹, CHEN Ming-can¹

¹College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China;
²College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Received:2017-03-14 Online:2018-01-18 Published:2018-01-18
Contact: * E-mail: zhimin206@263.net
Supported by:
This work was supported by the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-3-1-03), the China Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201203033-2) and the Henan University of Science and Technology Doctoral Research Launch Fund (13480070).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探索小麦高产高效优质生产技术途径,指导小麦晚播生产实践,2012年10月—2014年6月,以弱春性小麦偃展4110和半冬性小麦矮抗58为材料进行连续2年的田间定位试验,设置了常规适播(10月中旬、240万株·hm^-2)和极端晚播(11月中旬、600万株·hm^-2)两种栽培模式,研究了极端晚播对0～40 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量、小麦氮素吸收利用、产量、籽粒蛋白质含量和氮素吸收效率的影响.结果表明: 与常规适播处理相比,两个生长季极端晚播处理均使拔节和开花期0～40 cm土壤硝态氮含量显著提高,从而促进拔节后小麦植株氮素吸收积累,成熟期穗部氮素的分配比例也得到提高,最终显著提高小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和偃展4110的蛋白质产量、氮素吸收效率,但对籽粒产量的影响因品种而异.其中,极端晚播处理使偃展4110的籽粒产量显著提高,而矮抗58的籽粒产量却显著降低.因此,极端晚播栽培模式可维持小麦拔节后的土壤氮供应,有利于提高小麦氮素吸收效率,从而提高小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量,是灌区小麦高产优质的有效途径之一.

Abstract: In order to explore the cultivation techniques for high yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat and guide the production practice of late sowing, a two-year experiment of different sowing times and plant densities in fixed plots was conducted from October 2012 to June 2014. Weak-spring cultivar of Yanzhan4110 (YZ4110) and semi-winter cultivar of Aikang58 (AK58) were sowed with two cropping patterns: Normal sowing (sowing in the middle of October, 2.4×10⁶ plants·hm^-2) and extremely-late sowing (sowing in the middle of November, 6.0×10⁶ plants·hm^-2). The nitrate-N content in 0-40 cm soil, the nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization, grain yield, grain protein content and N uptake efficiency in winter wheat were investigated. Compared with normal sowing, extremely-late sowing significantly increased the nitrate-N content in 0-40 cm soil at jointing and anthesis stages, which in turn promoted the N uptake and accumulation of plants after jointing stage and increased the N distribution ratio of spikes at maturity. As a result, the grains with extremely-late sowing had higher protein contentin both YZ4110 and AK58, and higher protein yield and N uptake efficiency in YZ4110 than that with normal sowing. However, the effects of extremely-late sowing on grain yield were different in the two cultivars. Compared with normal sowing, extremely-late sowing clearly raised the grain yield of YZ4110, but significantly decreased that of AK58. These results indicated that extremely-late sowing is an alternative cropping technique to increase grain yield and protein content for winter wheat in irrigation zones through maintaining the soil N supply after jointing stage and increasing N uptake efficiency.

吴金芝, 黄明, 王志敏, 李友军, 付国占, 陈明灿. 极端晚播对小麦籽粒产量、氮素吸收利用和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(1): 185-192.

WU Jin-zhi, HUANG Ming, WANG Zhi-min, LI You-jun, FU Guo-zhan, CHEN Ming-can. Effects of extremely-late sowing on the grain yield, nitrogen uptake and utilization, and grain protein content in winter wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(1): 185-192.

参考文献

[1] Liu H, Wang ZH, Yu R, et al. Optimal nitrogen input for higher efficiency and lower environmental impacts of winter wheat production in China. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2016, 224: 1-11
[2] National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国国家统计局). China Statistical Yearbook. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2014 (in Chinese)
[3] Wang B, Zhang YH, Hao BZ, et al. Grain yield and water use efficiency in extremely-late sown winter wheat cultivars under two irrigation regimes in the North China Plain. Plos One, 2016, 11(4): e0153695
[4] Zhang X-P (张晓萍), Yang S-J (杨慎骄), Zhang X-P (张笑培), et al. Shoot type morphology and growth characteristics of winter wheat sown at different dates. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2013, 24(4): 915-920 (in Chinese)
[5] Feng Y-X (冯玉香), He W-X (何维勋), Sun Z-F (孙忠富), et al. Climatological study on frost damage of winter wheat in China. Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报), 1999, 25(3): 335-340 (in Chinese)
[6] Qu H-J (屈会娟), Li J-C (李金才), Shen X-S (沈学善), et al. Effects of plant density and seeding date on accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen in winter wheat cultivar Lankaoaizao 8. Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报), 2009, 35(1): 124-131 (in Chinese)
[7] Yang J-F (杨佳凤), Ding J-F (丁锦峰), Gu H-W (顾后文), et al. Nitrogen accumulation characteristics of high yielding population in late-sown wheat following rice. Jorunal of Yangzhou University (Agricultural and Life Science) (扬州大学学报: 农业与生命科学版), 2014, 35(1): 49-54 (in Chinese)
[8] Xu L (徐澜), Gao Z-Q (高志强), An W (安伟), et al. Flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics, change in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and their relationships with yield of winter wheat sowed in spring. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2016, 27(1): 133-142 (in Chinese)
[9] Wang Z (王宙), Ma H-F (麻慧芳). Effect of sowing date to the yield and quality of wheat. Shanxi Agricultural Sciences (山西农业科学), 2007, 35(3): 36-38 (in Chinese)
[10] Lan T (兰涛), Pan J (潘洁), Jiang D (姜东), et al. Effects of ecoenvironments and sowing dates on the relationships between grain quality traits in winter wheat. Journal of Triticeae Crops (麦类作物学报), 2005, 25(4): 72-78 (in Chinese)
[11] Zhang M (张敏), Wang Y-Y (王岩岩), Cai R-G (蔡瑞国), et al. Regulating effect of delayed sowing date on yield formation and grain quality of winter wheat. Journal of Triticeae Crops (麦类作物学报), 2013, 33(2): 325-330 (in Chinese)
[12] Ou X-Q (欧行奇), Guo D-Z (郭丹钊), Cheng L-Q (成立群), et al. Effect of soil texture and seed time on yield and quality of strong-gluten wheat Gaocheng 8901. Journal of Triticeae Crops (麦类作物学报), 2007, 27(4): 705-709 (in Chinese)
[13] Yang G-X (杨桂霞), Zhao G-C (赵广才), Xu K (许轲), et al. Effect of sowing date and density on grain yield and nutrition quality and physiological index of winter wheat. Journal of Triticeae Crops (麦类作物学报), 2010, 30(4): 687-692 (in Chinese)
[14] Zhou F-Y (周凤云), Li B-Q (李伯群), Yang M (杨明), et al. Effect of sowing date, density and fertilizer rate on grain yield and quality of wheat cultivar Yumai 12. Journal of Triticeae Crops (麦类作物学报), 2012, 32(8): 131-134 (in Chinese)
[15] Shen X-S (沈学善), Li J-C (李金才), Qu H-J (屈会娟). Effects of planting density on assimilation, accumulation, distribution and use efficiency of nitrogen in late sowing winter wheat. Journal of China Agricultural University (中国农业大学学报), 2009, 14(4): 41-46 (in Chinese)
[16] Song G (宋歌), Sun B (孙波), Jiao J-Y (教剑英). Comparison between ultraviolet spectrophotometry and other methods in determination of soil nitrate-N. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2007, 44(2): 288-293 (in Chinese)
[17] Huo Z-Y (霍中洋), Ge X (葛鑫), Zhang H-C (张洪程), et al. Effect of different nitrogen application types on N-absorption and N-utilization rate of specific use cultivars of wheat. Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报), 2004, 30(5): 449-454 (in Chinese)
[18] Yan C-P (闫翠萍), Zhang Y-Q (张友清) , Zhang D-Y (张定一), et al. Effects of sowing date and planting density on the grain’s protein component and quality of strong and medium gluten winter wheat cultivars. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2008, 19(8): 1733-1740 (in Chinese)
[19] Yin W-J (阴卫军), Liu X (刘霞), Ni D-P (倪大鹏), et al. Effect of sowing time on grain filling characteristics and grain yield components of high quality winter wheat cultivars. Shandong Agricultural Sciences (山东农业科学), 2005(5): 17-18 (in Chinese)
[20] Lyu L-H (吕丽华), Liang S-B (梁双波), Zhang L-H (张丽华), et al. Yield in response to accumulated temperature before winter in winter wheat. Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报), 2016, 42(1): 149-156 (in Chinese)
[21] Yang D-B (杨东兵), Cao G-C (曹广才), Li R-Q (李荣旗), et al. Effects of small amount precision seeding on winter wheat yield. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2004, 15(12): 2282-2286 (in Chinese)
[22] Yang J (杨健), Zhang B-J (张保军), Mao J-C (毛建昌), et al. Effects of sowing date and planting density on grain yield in winter wheat Xinong 9871. Journal of Triticeae Crops (麦类作物学报), 2011, 31(5): 529-534 (in Chinese)
[23] Gao Q-L (郜庆炉), Xue X (薛香), Wu Y-E (吴玉娥), et al. Effects of sowing times on the spike diffe-rentiation of different winter wheat varieties under the climate of warm winter. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2003, 14(10): 1627-1631 (in Chinese)
[24] Li S-Z (李素真), Zhou A-L (周爱恋), Wang L (王霖), et al. Effect of different sowing time and seed dosage on yield of different genotypes of super winter wheat. Shandong Agricultural Sciences (山东农业科学), 2005(5): 12-15 (in Chinese)
[25] Chen S-Y (陈素英), Zhang X-Y (张喜英), Mao R-Z (毛任钊), et al. Effect of sowing date and rate on canopy intercepted photosynthetically active radiation and yield of winter wheat. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报), 2009, 17(7): 681-685 (in Chinese)
[26] Meng Z-J (孟兆江), Duan A-W (段爱旺), Gao Y (高阳), et al. Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on uptake and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for winter wheat. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery (农业机械学报), 2016, 47(12): 203-212 (in Chinese)
[27] Zhang J (张娟), Wu T-H (武同华), Dai X-L (代兴龙), et al. Effects of plant density and nitrogen level on nitrogen uptake and utilization of winter wheat. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2015, 26(6): 1727-1734 (in Chinese)
[28] Lei J-J (雷均杰), Zhao Q (赵奇), Chen X-W (陈兴武), et al. Effects of sowing date and planting density on yield and quality of winter wheat. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences (新疆农业科学), 2007, 44(1): 75-79 (in Chinese)
[29] Zhu X-K (朱新开), Guo W-S (郭文善), Feng C-N (封超年), et al. Differences of nitrogen accumulation amount of population with high yield and good quality in wheat for different end uses. Journal of Yangzhou University (Agricultural and Life Science) (扬州大学学报: 农业与生命科学版), 2007, 28(3): 58-63 (in Chinese)

极端晚播对小麦籽粒产量、氮素吸收利用和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响

Effects of extremely-late sowing on the grain yield, nitrogen uptake and utilization, and grain protein content in winter wheat

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 0

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价