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应用生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (2): 538-546.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201802.029

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

耕层调控与有机肥处理下麦田土壤和小麦冠层结构特性及其相互关系

张黛静, 张艳艳, 王艳杰, 陈倩青, 杨惠荔, 马建辉, 李春喜*   

  1. 河南师范大学生命科学学院, 河南新乡 453007
  • 收稿日期:2017-05-04 出版日期:2018-02-18 发布日期:2018-02-18
  • 通讯作者: E-mail: wheat_lab@163.com
  • 作者简介:张黛静, 女, 1974年生, 博士, 副教授. 主要从事小麦高产栽培生理生态研究. E-mail: zdjdai@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    本文由国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B07)和国家重点研发计划专项(2017YFD0301101)资助

Structure characteristics of soil and canopy and their relationships in wheat field under different tillage and application of organic fertilizer.

ZHANG Dai-jing, ZHANG Yan-yan, WANG Yan-jie, CHEN Qian-qing, YANG Hui-li, MA Jian-hui, LI Chun-xi*   

  1. College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
  • Received:2017-05-04 Online:2018-02-18 Published:2018-02-18
  • Contact: E-mail: wheat_lab@163.com
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the National Key Science and Technology Support Program of China (2013BAD07B07) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0301101).

摘要: 本研究基于5年的耕作定位试验,设置深耕(DT)、深耕有机肥(DTF)、浅耕(ST)、浅耕有机肥(STF)、免耕(NT)和免耕有机肥(NTF)处理,以期通过改良耕层土壤结构,优化小麦冠层结构特性.结果表明: 同一耕作处理下,增施有机肥可降低土壤容重、提高土壤孔隙度,提高20~40 cm土层2~5和0.25~2 mm粒级土壤团聚体含量,降低>5 mm粒级团聚体含量、>0.25 mm粒级团聚体的平均质量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD).与其他处理相比,NTF处理改善了0~20 cm土层土壤容重、增加土壤孔隙度;DTF处理降低了40~60 cm土壤容重和>0.25 mm粒级机械团聚体的稳定性,增加了土壤透气性.花后各时期,有机肥处理的叶片角度指数降低,叶面积指数(LAI)和旗叶净光合速率(Pn)提高.STF处理的角度指数最低,DTF处理的Pn最高,显著大于其他处理.通径分析表明,自变量容重、孔隙度、>0.25 mm粒级团聚体的数量(R0.25)和MWD对因变量角度指数、LAI和Pn的直接通径系数均达到极显著水平.0~20 cm土层,MWD值增大有利于Pn和LAI的提高;20~40 cm土层,土壤容重在一定范围内的增加可优化叶夹角,提高冠层透光率;40~60 cm土层,高的土壤容重和低的孔隙度限制了LAI和Pn的增加.综上,豫中补灌区增施有机肥下的深耕或浅耕处理有利于改良土壤结构、增加土壤通透性,优化冠层结构,提高冠层受光率、叶面积指数和光合速率.

关键词: 有机肥, 小麦, 耕层结构, 通径分析, 冠层结构

Abstract: With the aim to optimize the structural characteristics of wheat canopy by improving topsoil structure, we examined the effects of three different tillage treatments, deep tillage (DT), shallow tillage (ST), no-tillage (NT) alone, and with application of organic fertilizer, DTF, STF and NTF, on the soil structure and wheat canopy characteristics for five years. Under the same tillage treatment, application of organic fertilizer decreased soil bulk density, the content of soil aggregates with diameter > 5 mm, the mean mass diameter (MWD), and geometric mean diameter (GMD) values of the soil aggregates with diameter >0.25 mm. Soil porosity and the content of soil aggregates with diameters of 2-5 mm and 0.25-2 mm at 20-40 cm soil layer were increased. Compared with other treatments, NTF was better in improving soil bulk density and increased soil porosity at 0-20 cm soil layer. DTF decreased the soil bulk density and the stability of mechanical aggregate with diameter > 0.25 mm at 40-60 cm soil layer, and increased soil permeability. Application of organic fertilizer decreased leaf angle index and increased leaf area index (LAI) and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of the flag leaf at post-anthesis stage. The lowest angle index and the highest Pn were detected in STF and DTF treatment, respectively. Results from path analysis showed that the direct path coefficients were significant from the independent variables (soil bulk density, soil porosity, R0.25 and MWD) to the dependent variables (angle index, LAI and Pn). At 0-20 cm soil layer, the increased MWD value was beneficial to the improvement of Pn and LAI. At 20-40 cm soil layer, the increased soil bulk density would optimize the leaf angle and further improve canopy light penetration. At 40-60 cm soil layer, high soil bulk density and low porosity negatively affected the value of LAI and Pn. We concluded that deep tillage or shallow tillage with application of organic fertilizer would be beneficial for improving soil structure, increasing soil permeability, optimizing wheat canopy structure, increasing canopy light harvesting rate, leaf area index and photosynthetic rate, with positive consequences on wheat yield.

Key words: wheat, organic fertilizer, path analysis., canopy structure, tillage structure