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应用生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 765-774.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201803.013

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黄土丘陵区不同土地利用类型土壤水分变化特征

唐敏1,2, 赵西宁1,3, 高晓东1,3, 张超1,2, 吴普特1,3*   

  1. 1西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院, 陕西杨凌 712100;
    2西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 陕西杨凌 712100;
    3中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2017-07-11 出版日期:2018-03-18 发布日期:2018-03-18
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: gjzwpt@vip.sina.com
  • 作者简介:唐 敏, 女, 1990年生, 博士研究生. 主要从事农业水土资源综合利用研究. E-mail: tangmin0511@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    本文由“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400204)和国家自然科学基金项目(41571506,41771316,51579212)资助

Characteristics of soil moisture variation in different land use types in the hilly region of the Loess Plateau, China.

TANG Min1,2, ZHAO Xi-ning1,3, GAO Xiao-dong1,3, ZHANG Chao1,2, WU Pu-te1,3*   

  1. 1Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
    2College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
    3Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2017-07-11 Online:2018-03-18 Published:2018-03-18
  • Contact: * E-mail: gjzwpt@vip.sina.com
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan (2016YFC0400204) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41571506, 41771316, 51579212)

摘要: 土壤水分是制约黄土丘陵区生态建设和土地可持续利用的关键因子,认识不同土地利用类型的土壤水分状况对该地区植被恢复和土地资源的有效利用具有重要的理论和实际意义.本研究采用EC-5土壤水分传感器,对黄土高原园则沟流域坡耕地、梯田、枣园和草地生长季内(5—10月)0~160 cm土壤剖面含水量进行连续监测,探讨这4种典型土地利用类型的土壤水分变化特征.结果表明: 在降水常态年和干旱年,不同土地利用方式土壤水分的季节变化、蓄水特征及垂直分布均存在差异.在2015年干旱年,梯田表现出良好的蓄水保墒效果,0~60 cm土层生长季平均土壤含水量分别比坡耕地、枣园和草地高2.6%、4.2%、1.8%(P<0.05),0~160 cm土层储水量分别比坡耕地、枣园和草地高43.90、32.08、18.69 mm.在2014年常态年,枣园0~60 cm土层生长季平均土壤含水量分别比坡耕地、梯田和草地低2.9%、3.8%、4.5%(P<0.05);在干旱年,0~160 cm土层有效水储量仅占土壤总储水量的35.0%.不同土地利用方式下均是表层(0~20 cm)与中层(20~100 cm)土壤水分的灰色关联度较大,且土壤水分变化态势的相似程度表现为梯田>草地>坡耕地>枣园.对于试验区内的坡耕地,可考虑改造为梯田,以提高雨水资源的有效利用、促进生态农业建设;而针对黄土丘陵区旱作枣园土壤缺水严重的现象,需采取适当水分管理措施以降低枣树自身耗水和其他无效耗水,实现枣园可持续发展.

Abstract: Soil water availability is a key factor restricting the ecological construction and sustainable land use in the loess hilly region. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to understand the soil moisture status of different land use types for the vegetation restoration and the effective utilization of land resources in this area. In this study, EC-5 soil moisture sensors were used to continuously monitor the soil moisture content in the 0-160 cm soil profile in the slope cropland, terraced fields, jujube orchard, and grassland during the growing season (from May to October) in the Yuanzegou catchment on the Loess Plateau, to investigate soil moisture dynamics in these four typical land use types. The results showed that there were differences in seasonal variation, water storage characteristics, and vertical distribution of soil moisture under different land use types in both the normal precipitation (2014) and dry (2015) years. The terraced fields showed good water retention capacity in the dry year, with the average soil moisture content of 0-60 cm soil layer in the growing season being 2.6%, 4.2%, and 1.8% higher than that of the slope cropland, jujube orchard, and grassland (all P<0.05). The water storage of 0-160 cm soil profile was 43.90, 32.08, and 18.69 mm higher than that of slope cropland, jujube orchard, and grassland, respectively. In the normal precipitation year, the average soil moisture content of 0-60 cm soil layer in jujube orchard in the growing season was 2.9%, 3.8%, and 4.5% lower than that of slope cropland, terraced fields, and grassland, respectively (all P<0.05). In the dry year, the effective soil water storage of 0-160 cm soil profile in the jujube orchard accounted for 35.0% of the total soil water storage. The grey relational grade between the soil moisture in the surface layer (0-20 cm) and soil moisture in the middle layer (20-100 cm) under different land use types was large, and the trend for the similarity degree of soil moisture variation followed terraced fields > grassland > slope cropland > jujube orchard. The slope cropland in this area could be transformed into terraced fields to improve the utilization of precipitation and promote the construction of ecological agriculture. Aiming at resolving the severe water shortage in the rain-fed jujube orchard for the sustainable development of jujube orchard in the loess hilly region, appropriate water management measures should be taken to reduce the water consumption of jujube trees and other inefficient water consumption.