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应用生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 883-890.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201803.021

• 目录 • 上一篇    下一篇

花粒期光照对夏玉米光合特性和叶绿体超微结构的影响

高佳, 崔海岩, 史建国, 董树亭, 刘鹏, 赵斌, 张吉旺*   

  1. 作物生物学国家重点实验室/山东农业大学农学院, 山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2017-05-16 出版日期:2018-03-18 发布日期:2018-03-18
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: jwzhang@sdau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:高 佳,女,1993年生,硕士研究生.主要从事玉米生理生态研究. E-mail: gaoj0803@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    本文由国家自然科学基金项目(31671629)、国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-02-18)和国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300304-02)资助

Effects of light intensities after anthesis on the photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure in mesophyll cell of summer maize (Zea mays L. ).

GAO Jia, CUI Hai-yan, SHI Jian-guo, DONG Shu-ting, LIU Peng, ZHAO Bin, ZHANG Ji-wang*   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2017-05-16 Online:2018-03-18 Published:2018-03-18
  • Contact: * E-mail: jwzhang@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (31671629), National Modern Agricultural Technology & Industry System (CARS-02-18), and the State Key Research and Development Program (2017YFD0300304-02)

摘要: 在大田条件下,以夏玉米品种‘登海605’为试验材料,研究花粒期不同光照强度(正常光照、开花至收获期遮阴和开花至收获期增光)对夏玉米叶片光合、荧光性能和叶绿体超微结构的影响.结果表明: 与对照相比,花粒期遮阴影响叶绿体排布及内部结构发育,基粒个数和基粒片层数均有不同程度减少,叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量下降,PSⅡ反应中心的实际光化学效率和最大光化学效率降低,非光化学淬灭系数数值增加,导致产量降低;增光后叶绿体结构良好,基粒片层排列紧致、清晰且数量增加,PSⅡ反应中心的实际光化学效率增加,净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量上升,叶片光合性能增强,产量增加.即花粒期遮阴破坏了夏玉米叶片叶绿体超微结构,降低了叶片光合能力,产量下降;花粒期增光增加了叶肉细胞中叶绿体的基粒和基粒片层,导致基粒片层排列紧密有序,有利于增加作物产量潜力.

Abstract: We examined the changes of photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure in mesophyll cell of summer maize in response to different light intensities in the field, with the summer maize hybrid Denghai 605 as experimental material. Two treatments of both shading (S) and increasing light (L) from flowering to physiological maturity stage were designed, with the ambient sunlight treatment as control (CK). Under shading treatment, poorly developed thylakoid structure, blurry lamellar structure, loose granum, large gap between slices and warping granum were the major characteristics in chloroplast. Meanwhile, photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, and actual photo-chemical efficiency (ΦPSII) decreased, whereas the maximal photochemical efficiency and non-photochemical quenching increased, which resulted in decreases in grain yield under shading treatment. However, a better development was observed in chloroplasts for L treatment, with the number of grana and lamellae increased and lamellae arranged compactly. In addition, Pn and ΦPSII increased under L treatment, which increased grain yield. The chloroplast arrangement dispersed in mesophyll cells and chloroplast ultrastructure was destroyed after shading, and then chlorophyll synthesis per unit leaf area and photosynthetic capacity decreased. In contrast, the number of grana and lamellae increased and lamellae arranged compactly after increasing light, which are beneficial for corn yield.