施磷量与施磷深度对玉米-大豆套作系统磷素利用率及磷流失风险的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201804.026

应用生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 1205-1214.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201804.026

施磷量与施磷深度对玉米-大豆套作系统磷素利用率及磷流失风险的影响

赵伟¹, 宋春^1,2*, 周攀¹, 王嘉雨¹, 徐锋¹, 叶芳¹, 王小春², 杨文钰²

¹四川农业大学环境学院生态环境研究所, 成都 611130;
²农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 成都 611130;

收稿日期:2017-08-09 出版日期:2018-04-18 发布日期:2018-04-18
通讯作者: * E-mail: songchun@sicau.edu.cn
作者简介:赵伟, 男, 1992年生, 硕士研究生. 主要从事农田生态系统磷素高效利用与磷素流失风险研究. E-mail: 1041163720@qq.com
基金资助:
本文由国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2016YFD0300109-3)、国家自然科学基金项目(31201169,31771726)和四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2017SZ0028)资助

Effects of phosphorus application rates and depths on P utilization and loss risk in a maize-soybean intercropping system

ZHAO Wei¹, SONG Chun^1,2*, ZHOU Pan¹, WANG Jia-yu¹, XU Feng¹, YE Fang¹, WANG Xiao-chun², YANG Wen-yu²

¹Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
²Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in Southwest, Chengdu 611130, China;

Received:2017-08-09 Online:2018-04-18 Published:2018-04-18
Contact: * E-mail: songchun@sicau.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the Sub Project of the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300109-3), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31201169, 31771726) and the Key Research and Development Program of Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan, China (2017SZ0028).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为充分发挥间套作种植体系磷素高效利用优势、降低土壤磷素流失,采用田间试验分析了3种施磷(P₂O₅)水平(CP:168 kg·hm^-2;RP₁:135 kg·hm^-2;RP₂:101 kg·hm^-2)与3个施磷深度(D₁:集中施在距离地面5 cm处;D₂:集中施在距离地面15 cm处;D₃:于距离地面5、15 cm处各施一半)处理下玉米-大豆套作系统作物地上部生物量、籽粒产量、植株吸磷量、土壤全磷与速效磷含量、磷吸附-解吸特征,以期为优化西南玉米-大豆套作系统磷素管理提供理论依据.结果表明: 与对照不施磷处理(P₀)相比,各施磷处理显著增加了作物地上部生物量、籽粒产量、植株吸磷量、土壤全磷和速效磷含量.相同施肥深度下,处理RP₁与CP相比,作物籽粒产量差异不显著,但显著提高了植株地上部吸磷量,因此RP₁处理的磷素表观利用率显著高于CP处理.相同施磷量下,不同施磷深度间比较,作物地上部生物量、籽粒产量、植株吸磷量、土壤全磷和速效磷含量均以D₂处理最高.依据土壤磷的吸附-解吸特征参数可知,当施磷深度为D₂、施磷量为RP₁时,土壤对磷的固持能力最强,在降低磷素流失上表现出较强优势.因此,玉米-大豆套作系统中适当减少磷肥施用量和加大磷肥施用深度在保证作物产量的同时,有利于提高磷素利用率,减少土壤磷流失.

Abstract: In order to explore the advantage of intercropping on phosphorus (P) efficient utilization and the reduction of soil P loss, a field experiment in a maize-soybean intercropping system, which included three P application (P₂O₅) rates (CP: 168 kg·hm^-2; RP₁: 135 kg·hm^-2; RP₂: 101 kg·hm^-2) and three P application depths (D₁: applied in 5 cm depth; D₂: applied in 15 cm depth; D₃: 1/2 of P fertilizer applied in 5 cm depth and another 1/2 in 15 cm depth) was carried out to analyze the effects of P application rates and depth on crop aboveground biomass, grain yield, crop P uptake, soil total and available P contents, and soil P adsorption-desorption characteristics. Compared with control treatment, the aboveground biomass, grain yield, crop P uptake, soil total P, and available P content were increased significantly by P application, regardless of P rate and application depth. Under the same application depth, RP₁ had similar grain yield but higher crop P uptake compared with CP, and thus higher P apparent utilization efficiency. Under the same P application rate, the application depth of D₂ had the highest crop aboveground biomass, grain yield, P uptake, soil total P, and available P. According to the characteristic of soil P adsorption-desorption, the treatment with the rate of RP₁ and the depth of D₂ had the strongest soil P retention capacity, which had advantage in alleviating P loss. These results suggested that reducing application rate but increasing application depth of P fertilizer could improve P use efficiency and reduce soil P loss without sacrifice in crop production in maize-soybean relay intercropping system.

赵伟, 宋春, 周攀, 王嘉雨, 徐锋, 叶芳, 王小春, 杨文钰. 施磷量与施磷深度对玉米-大豆套作系统磷素利用率及磷流失风险的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(4): 1205-1214.

ZHAO Wei, SONG Chun, ZHOU Pan, WANG Jia-yu, XU Feng, YE Fang, WANG Xiao-chun, YANG Wen-yu. Effects of phosphorus application rates and depths on P utilization and loss risk in a maize-soybean intercropping system[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(4): 1205-1214.

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施磷量与施磷深度对玉米-大豆套作系统磷素利用率及磷流失风险的影响

Effects of phosphorus application rates and depths on P utilization and loss risk in a maize-soybean intercropping system

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