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应用生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 1249-1258.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201804.027

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

渭北旱塬苹果园不同水肥管理模式下的土壤水分差异

赵志远1, 郑伟1, 刘杰1, 马鹏毅1, 李紫燕1, 翟丙年1,2*, 王朝辉1   

  1. 1西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100;
    2西北农林科技大学苹果试验站, 陕西白水 715600;
  • 收稿日期:2017-07-24 出版日期:2018-04-18 发布日期:2018-04-18
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: zhaibingnian@nwafu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:赵志远, 男, 1992年生, 硕士研究生. 主要从事旱地果园水肥管理研究. E-mail: zhaozhiyuan@nwafu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本文由公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303104,201103005-9)、陕西省农业科技创新转化项目(NYKJ-2015-17)、杨凌示范区农业科技示范推广能力提升项目(2015-TS-18,2015NY-05)和西北农林科技大学试验示范基地科技成果推广项目(TGZX2014-16)资助

Soil moisture variation under different water and fertilization managements in apple orchard of Weibei dryland, China

ZHAO Zhi-yuan1, ZHENG Wei1, LIU jie1, MA Peng-yi1, LI Zi-yan1, ZHAI Bing-nian1,2*, WANG Zhao-hui1   

  1. 1College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University/Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment of Northwest, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
    2Apple Experiment Station, Northwest A&F University, Baishui 715600, Shaanxi, China;
  • Received:2017-07-24 Online:2018-04-18 Published:2018-04-18
  • Contact: * E-mail: zhaibingnian@nwafu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the Special Foundation of Public Welfare (Agriculture) Research of China (201303104, 201103005-9), the Project of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Transformation of Shaanxi Province, China (NYKJ-2015-17), the Agricultural Science & Technology Demonstration Foundation of Yangling, China (2015-TS-18,2015NY-05) and the Demonstration Base Foundation of Technology Achievement of Northwest A&F University (TGZX2014-16).

摘要: 为了探究渭北旱塬苹果园不同水肥管理模式下的土壤水分差异,于2013—2016年在地处渭北旱塬的陕西省白水县田家洼村进行了田间试验,设置了3个不同果园水肥管理方式:农户模式(单施化肥,FM)、现有模式(推荐施肥配合地膜覆盖,EM)、优化模式(有机无机肥配施配合双元覆盖,OM),并对0~300 cm土层土壤水分进行了测定.结果表明: 优化模式可以显著提高0~200 cm土层土壤贮水量,0~100 cm土层土壤含水量在干旱季节较农户模式和现有模式分别增加5.6%和15.3%,优化模式200~300 cm土层土壤水分相对亏缺指数低于现有模式,在干旱年份可以提高降雨入渗,降雨入渗达到300 cm,同时优化模式可以提高果园0~300 cm土层土壤降水补充量,稳定土壤水分变化,有效缓解了深层土壤干燥化程度.优化模式4年平均产量较农户模式和现有模式分别提高36.6%和22.5%.综上,优化模式可以通过提高土壤有效含水量,改善浅层和深层水分状况,提升土壤水分利用效率,在提高产量的同时,缓解土壤深层干燥化程度.

Abstract: To evaluate the variations of soil moisture under different water and fertilizer treatments in apple orchard in the Weibei dryland, a field experiment was carried out in 2013-2016 at Tianjiawa Village, Baishui County, Shaanxi Province. There were three treatments, i.e., farmers traditional model (only addition of NPK chemical fertilizer, FM), extension model (swine manure and NPK chemical fertilizer combined with black plastic film in tree row space, EM), and optimized model (swine manure and NPK chemical fertilizer combined with black plastic film in tree row space and planting rape in the inter-row of apple trees, OM). The results showed that OM treatment significantly increased soil water storage capacity in 0-200 cm soil layer. Water content of 0-100 cm soil layer was increased by 5.6% and 15.3% in the dry season compared with FM and EM treatment, respectively. Moreover, the soil water relative deficit index of OM was lower than that of EM in 200-300 cm soil layer. The rainfall infiltration in the dry year could reach 300 cm depth under OM. Meanwhile, OM stabilized soil water content and efficiently alleviated the desiccation in deep soil layer. Compared with FM and EM, the 4-year average yield of OM was increased by 36.6% and 22.5%, respectively. In summary, OM could increase water use efficiency through increasing the contents of available soil water and improving the soil water condition in shallow and deep layers, which help alleviate the soil deficit in deep layer and increase yield.