干旱和复水对文冠果生长及生理生态特性的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201806.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以文冠果2年生盆栽苗为材料,以21.8%～23.7%土壤含水量为对照,设置轻度干旱(14.3%～16.2%)、中度干旱(10.6%～12.5%)和重度干旱(6.8%～8.7%)3个干旱胁迫,研究干旱和复水对文冠果生长及生理生态特性的影响.结果表明: 随着干旱胁迫的加剧,文冠果单株干质量、株高、基径、叶数和叶面积减小,主根和一级侧根长度增加;文冠果叶片气体交换各参数均逐渐降低,在10:00—14:00,净光合速率(P_n)的大小主要受气孔因素影响,14:00以后影响P_n的主要因素是非气孔因素;中度干旱和重度干旱胁迫下,文冠果对CO₂利用效率显著提高.随着干旱胁迫的加剧,PSⅡ潜在活性(F_v/F_o)、PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(F_v/F_m)、光化学猝灭系数(q_P)、表观电子传递效率(ETR)和实际光化学量子产量(Ф_PS_Ⅱ)逐渐减小,非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)逐渐增大,复水后变化相反.复水后第8天,F_v/F_o、F_v/F_m、q_P、ETR、Ф_PS_Ⅱ显著高于各胁迫处理第30天.随着干旱胁迫的加剧,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性升高,过氧化氢酶活性降低,丙二醛含量增加,复水后变化相反.复水后各干旱胁迫处理根系活力明显升高.文冠果有极强的适应极度干旱环境的能力,可以作为能源或园林植物在华北园林绿化中广泛应用.

Abstract: An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of drought and rewatering on growth and photosynthetic physioecological characteristics of Xanthoceras sorbifolia, with 2-year-old seedlings as test materials. There are three treatments, i.e., light drought stress (soil water content 14.3%-16.2%), moderate drought stress(10.6%-12.5%) and severe drought stress (6.8%-8.7%), with the control (21.8%-23.7%). The results showed that with the increases of drought stress, the dry mass per plant, height, basal diameter, leaf number, and leaf area significantly decreased, and length of the main root and the secondary root increased. The gas exchange parameters gradually decreased with the increases of drought stress. The level of P_n was caused by stomatal factors from 10:00 to 14:00 and by non-stomatal factors after 14:00. Apparent CO₂ use efficiency (CUE) of X. sorbifolia was obviously increased under the moderate and severe drought stress. With the increases of drought stress, F_v/F_o, F_v/F_m, q_P, ETR and Ф_PSⅡ gradually decreased, and NPQ gradually increased. The changes of all those characters after rewatering were contrary to those after drought. After rewatering for eight days, F_v/F_o, F_v/F_m, q_P, ETR, Ф_PS_Ⅱwere significantly higher than that of drought stress treated for 30 days. With the increases of drought stress, SOD and POD activities and MDA content gradually increased, but CAT activity decreased, showing the contrary changes after rewatering. After rewatering, the root activity under drought stress increased. X. sorbifolia was strongly resistant to heavy drought stress, and thus could be widely used as energy or garden plants in garden landscaping in North China.

谢志玉,张文辉. 干旱和复水对文冠果生长及生理生态特性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(6): 1759-1767.

XIE Zhi-yu, ZHANG Wen-hui. Effects of drought and rewatering on growth and photosynthetic physioecological characteristics of Xanthoceras sorbifolia.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(6): 1759-1767.

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