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应用生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (8): 2525-2531.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201808.021

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

黑暗诱导衰老对不同年代冬小麦品种旗叶光系统Ⅱ功能的影响

杨程, 张德奇, 杜思梦, 邵运辉, 方保停, 李向东*, 岳俊芹, 张素瑜   

  1. 河南省农业科学院小麦研究所/小麦国家工程实验室/农业部黄淮中部小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/农业部中原地区作物栽培科学观测实验站/河南省小麦生物学重点实验室, 郑州 450002
  • 收稿日期:2017-09-22 出版日期:2018-08-20 发布日期:2018-08-20
  • 通讯作者: E-mail: hnlxd@126.com
  • 作者简介:杨 程,男,1987年生,博士,助理研究员. 主要从事小麦逆境生理生态研究. E-mail: luckytiger.com@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    本文由国家自然科学基金项目(31601242)、作物生物学国家重点实验室开放课题(2017KF02)、河南省基础与前沿技术研究计划项目(162300410253)和河南省农业科学院科研发展专项(2103015)资助

Effects of dark induced senescence on the function of photosystem II in flag leaves of winter wheat released in different years.

YANG Cheng, ZHANG De-qi, DU Si-meng, SHAO Yun-hui, FANG Bao-ting, LI Xiang-dong*, YUE Jun-qin, ZHANG Su-yu   

  1. Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Laboratory of Wheat Engineering/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in Central Plains, Ministry of Agriculture/ Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
  • Received:2017-09-22 Online:2018-08-20 Published:2018-08-20
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31601242), State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Open Project (2017KF02), Foundation and Frontier Technology Research Program of Henan Pro-vince (162300410253) and Special Research Development Project of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2103015).

摘要: 小麦品种的更新换代是小麦产量不断提高的重要因素,阐明小麦品种演替过程中不同生理特性的变化对新品种选育具有重要参考价值.旗叶衰老速率快慢是影响小麦产量水平的关键因素,目前对于不同小麦品种衰老过程中旗叶光系统Ⅱ功能的变化规律尚不清楚.本试验选用1941—2014年间河南地区不同时期种植的31个品种,通过黑暗诱导离体叶片衰老,测定旗叶叶绿素荧光诱导动力学参数、叶绿素相对含量的变化,分析了光系统Ⅱ功能的变化规律.结果表明:品种演替过程中旗叶的叶绿素含量逐渐提高,衰老过程中近代品种叶绿素的降解速率低于较早年代品种;旗叶衰老过程中,近代品种荧光诱导动力学曲线的J点上升幅度小于I点;品种更替过程中光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率和单位面积有活性反应中心数目逐渐增加,但是近代品种降低速率低于较早年代品种.叶绿素含量的变化与未衰老叶片中Fv/Fm没有显著相关性,但是随着衰老程度增加,相关性逐渐增大,且趋势线斜率逐渐提高;光系统Ⅱ单位面积有活性反应中心数目与品种育成时间呈显著正相关,且随着衰老程度增加,相关程度和趋势线斜率均显著提高.综上,小麦品种演替过程中,旗叶叶绿素含量逐渐升高,降解速率逐渐减缓,光合电子传递过程中QA到QB电子传递的抗衰老能力得到改善,从而减缓了衰老过程中光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率和有活性反应中心的衰减速率,同时,叶绿素含量的提高和旗叶光系统Ⅱ抗衰老能力的增强也是品种更替过程中产量逐渐提高的重要因素.

Abstract: Cultivar renewing is important for the increases of wheat yield. Studying changes of different physiological characteristics in the succession process of wheat varieties has great implications for future breeding. The senescence rate of flag leaf is a key factor affecting winter wheat yield. The variation of photosystem II function during senescence of flag leaves of wheat from different ages is still not clear. 31 wheat varieties planted in Henan Province from different ages since 1941 were examined in this experiment. The variation of photosystem II function was analyzed through measu-ring the relative chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence induction dynamics during the senescence of flag leaves which were induced by continued dark. The results showed that the chlorophyll content of flag leaves was gradually increased in the succession of winter wheat. The chlorophyll degradation rate in the leaves of modern varieties was lower than the earlier varieties during the senescnece of flag leaves. Meanwhile, J point of the fluorescence induction kinetics curves in flag leaves of modern varieties increased less than I point. The photosystem II maximum photochemical efficiency and the amount of active reaction centers per unit area gradually increased during succession of wheat varieties, but the reduced extent in leaves of modern varieties was lower than that in the earlier ones. There was no significant correlation between the change of chlorophyll content and Fv/Fm in senescent leaves. There was significant positive correlation when the leaves aging degree increased, with the slope of trend line gradually increased. The photosystem II unit area and the amount of active reaction center was positively related with the aging degree, and both the correlation degree and slope of trend line increased with the increases of senescence extent of the leaves. The results suggested that chlorophyll content of flag leaf increased and the degradation rate slowed down gradually during the succession of wheat varieties. The anti-aging ability of photosynthetic electron transfered from QA to QB was improved, which contributed to the slowing down of the decline of Fv/Fm and the amount of active reaction center. The increased chlorophyll content and anti-aging ability of photosystem II also contributed to the increases of yield in the succession of winter wheat.