密云水库上游流域土地利用与地表径流营养物的关系

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201809.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 定量刻画土地利用与水体营养物浓度的关系,有助于指导流域土地利用管理,以控制水体富营养化.以往研究较多关注土地利用的数量结构,对其强度、空间分布等刻画相对不足.本研究以密云水库上游流域为例,基于覆盖全流域52个子流域的水质采样,通过遥感解译和空间计算,提取土地利用强度、所处坡度、与河道及监测断面距离以及位置邻接关系等信息,构建土地利用与总氮、总磷和化学需氧量浓度的多元线性回归方程.结果表明: 土地利用与总氮、总磷和化学需氧量浓度回归方程的决定系数由未纳入任何信息的0.294、0.471和0.223分别增加到0.532、0.685和0.489,显著提高了模型的解释能力.在厘定每一空间位置土地利用对监测断面营养物浓度贡献率的基础上,比较与河道不同迁移路径距离下土地利用对营养物浓度的平均累积贡献率及面积累计百分比,确定了距离河道1 km范围内的河岸带为水体富营养化的关键控制范围.最后提出了优化农田施肥管理、加强牲畜粪便处理、建设林地过滤带和河岸缓冲带等水质污染控制和调控的措施建议.

关键词: 水体富营养化, 空间分布, 土地利用强度, 土地利用, 密云水库

Abstract: Quantifying the relationship between the land use and water nutrient concentrations would help guide land use management and water eutrophication control. Previous studies mainly focus on the quantitative structure of land use and lack a comprehensive characterization of the intensity and spatial distribution of land use. Taking the upper catchment of Miyun Reservoir as the study area, we analyzed the impacts of land use on surface runoff nutrient concentrations. We set 52 water quality monitoring sites within sub-basins of the entire upper catchment of Miyun Reservoir and collected water samples in each month. Using the remote sensing interpretation and spatial analy-sis techniques, land use information was extracted, which included the intensity, slope, distance to the rivers and sampling sites, and spatial arrangement. The land use information was used as independent variables for the multiple regression models to predict the changes of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand concentrations. The consideration of the above four aspects of land use information significantly promoted the explanatory capability of models, with the coefficients of determination of multiple linear regression models changing from 0.294, 0.471 and 0.223 to 0.532, 0.685 and 0.489, respectively. We also compared the mean cumulative contribution rates of land use to nutrients and the corresponding cumulative area percentages with different flow path distances to river. Results showed that the flowing migration path distance to the river in the range of one kilometer was the key area to control water eutrophication in the upper catchment of Miyun Reservoir. Finally, we proposed three measures to control and regulate the water eutrophication, including optimizing the farmland fertilizer management, strengthening the livestock manure handling, building forested filter strips and riparian buffer zones.

Key words: Miyun Reservoir., land use, land use intensity, water eutrophication, spatial distribution

许尔琪, 张红旗. 密云水库上游流域土地利用与地表径流营养物的关系[J]. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(9): 2869-2878.

XU Er-qi, ZHANG Hong-qi. Relationship between land use and nutrients in surface runoff in upper catchment of Miyun Reservior, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(9): 2869-2878.

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