不同荫蔽栽培下亏缺灌溉对干热区小粒咖啡水光利用和产量的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201811.004

应用生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (11): 3550-3558.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201811.004

不同荫蔽栽培下亏缺灌溉对干热区小粒咖啡水光利用和产量的影响

郝琨¹, 刘小刚^1*, 韩志慧¹, 余宁¹, 程金焕², 刘闯³, 李义林¹, 杨启良¹

¹昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院, 昆明 650500;
²云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所, 云南保山 678025;
³三峡大学水利与环境学院, 湖北宜昌 443002

收稿日期:2018-03-29 出版日期:2018-11-20 发布日期:2018-11-20
通讯作者: *E-mail: liuxiaogangjy@126.com
作者简介:郝琨, 男, 1992年生, 硕士研究生. 主要从事节水灌溉理论与技术研究. E-mail: haokgz@126.com
基金资助:
本文由国家自然科学基金项目(51469010, 51109102, 51769010)和云南省应用基础研究项目(2014FB130)资助

Effects of deficit irrigation on water-radiation use and yield of Coffea arabica under different shade cultivation modes in dry-hot region

HAO Kun¹, LIU Xiao-gang^1*, HAN Zhi-hui¹, YU Ning¹, CHENG Jin-huan², LIU Chuang³, LI Yi-lin¹, YANG Qi-liang¹

¹Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
²Tropical and Subtropical Economic Crops Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Bao-shan 678025, Yunnan, China;
³College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China

Received:2018-03-29 Online:2018-11-20 Published:2018-11-20
Contact: *E-mail: liuxiaogangjy@126.com
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51469010, 51109102, 51769010) and the Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province (2014FB130).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 干热区小粒咖啡水光管理粗放,产量和品质得不到保证.为探明干热区小粒咖啡最佳灌水和荫蔽栽培耦合模式,通过大田试验,设3个灌水水平(充分灌水、轻度亏缺灌水和重度亏缺灌水)和4个荫蔽栽培模式(无荫蔽:单作咖啡;轻度荫蔽:4行咖啡间作1行香蕉;中度荫蔽:3行咖啡间作1行香蕉;重度荫蔽:2行咖啡间作1行香蕉),研究香蕉荫蔽栽培下亏缺灌溉对小粒咖啡生长、叶片光合特性、水光利用和产量的影响.结果表明: 小粒咖啡叶片的净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(g_s)、叶片水分利用效率(LWUE)、叶片表观光能利用效率(LRUE)随灌水量的增大而增大,胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)随灌水量的增大而减小;与充分灌水相比,轻度亏缺灌水的干豆产量减小9.4%,重度亏缺灌水的干豆产量减小36.7%,水分利用效率(WUE)减小16.9%.P_n、T_r、g_s、LWUE随荫蔽度的增大呈先增大后减小的趋势,中度荫蔽栽培的增量最大;与无荫蔽模式相比,轻度荫蔽模式干豆产量增加13.0%,WUE增加12.9%,中度荫蔽栽培模式干豆产量增加23.1%,WUE增加23.4%.干豆产量、WUE、百粒咖啡豆的体积和百粒鲜质量随灌水量和荫蔽度的增大呈不同程度增大,其中,中度荫蔽栽培下充分灌水的干豆产量和WUE增量最大.相同土层深度的土壤含水率随荫蔽度的增加而减小;在0~50 cm土层,土壤含水率随土层深度的增加先增大后减小.LRUE与光合有效辐射呈显著的负指数关系或符合Logistic曲线变化.因此,从优质高产、水光高效利用的综合效益考虑,中度荫蔽栽培下充分灌水是小粒咖啡灌水处理和香蕉荫蔽栽培模式的最佳组合.

Abstract: The yield and quality of Coffea arabica cannot be guaranteed due to irrational irrigation and light management in dry-hot region. To investigate the best coupling mode of irrigation and shade cultivation of C. arabica in dry-hot region, a field experiment was carried out with different irrigation levels and shade cultivation modes. Three levels of irrigation, i.e., full irrigation, light deficit irrigation and severe deficit irrigation, and four modes of shade cultivation, i.e., no shade cultivation (C. arabica monoculture), light shade cultivation (intercropping of four-line C. arabica and a line banana), moderate shade cultivation (intercropping of three-line C. arabica and a line banana) and severe shade cultivation (intercropping of two-line C. arabica and a line banana) were designed to examine the effects of deficit irrigation on growth, photosynthetic characteristics of lea-ves, water-radiation use and yield of C. arabica under the shade of banana trees. The results showed that net photosynthesis rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), stomatal conductance (g_s), leaf water use efficiency (LWUE), leaf radiation use efficiency (LRUE) increased with the increases of irrigation amount, while the intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) decreased with the increases of irrigation amount. Compared with full irrigation, light deficit irrigation decreased dry bean yield by 9.4%, severe deficit irrigation decreased dry bean yield and water use efficiency (WUE) by 36.7% and 16.9%, respectively. P_n, T_r, g_s, LWUE first increased and then decreased with the increases of shading degree, with moderate shade cultivation having the maximum increment. Compared with no shade cultivation, light shade cultivation increased dry bean yield and WUE by 13.0% and 12.9%, respectively; moderate shade cultivation increased dry bean yield and WUE by 23.1% and 23.4%, respectively. The dry bean yield, WUE, volume and fresh mass of 100-bean of C. arabica increased in different degrees with the increases of irrigation amount and shading degree, with the largest enhancement of dry bean yield and WUE occurring in full irrigation under moderate shade cultivation_. Soil water content in the same soil depth decreased with the increases of shading degree. Soil water content in the same place increased first and then decreased with the increases of soil la-yer depth in 0-50 cm soil layer. Results of regression analysis showed that LRUE had a significantly negative exponential relation or Logistic-curve variation with photosynthetically active radiation. Therefore, the suitable combination of irrigation treatment and banana shade cultivation mode for C. arabica was full irrigation and moderate shade cultivation, considering the comprehensive benefit of superior quality and high production and high efficiency water-radiation use.

郝琨, 刘小刚, 韩志慧, 余宁, 程金焕, 刘闯, 李义林, 杨启良. 不同荫蔽栽培下亏缺灌溉对干热区小粒咖啡水光利用和产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(11): 3550-3558.

HAO Kun, LIU Xiao-gang, HAN Zhi-hui, YU Ning, CHENG Jin-huan, LIU Chuang, LI Yi-lin, YANG Qi-liang. Effects of deficit irrigation on water-radiation use and yield of Coffea arabica under different shade cultivation modes in dry-hot region[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(11): 3550-3558.

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不同荫蔽栽培下亏缺灌溉对干热区小粒咖啡水光利用和产量的影响

Effects of deficit irrigation on water-radiation use and yield of Coffea arabica under different shade cultivation modes in dry-hot region

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