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应用生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (11): 3643-3648.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201811.023

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

水分胁迫下秸秆还田对玉米产量和根系空间分布的影响

王沣, 王美佳, 苏思慧, 王英俨, 苏业涵, 孟广鑫, 孙悦, 齐华*, 姜英   

  1. 沈阳农业大学农学院, 沈阳 110866
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-21 出版日期:2018-11-20 发布日期:2018-11-20
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: qihua10@163.com
  • 作者简介:王 沣,女,1994年生,硕士研究生.主要从事玉米超高产理论与实践研究. E-mail: wf18641553369@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    本文由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300801,2016YFD0300103,2017YFD0300703)和公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201503116)资助

Effects of straw returning on maize yield and root system spatial distribution under water stress

WANG Feng, WANG Mei-jia, SU Si-hui, WANG Ying-yan, SU Ye-han, MENG Guang-xin, SUN Yue, QI Hua*, JIANG Ying   

  1. College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
  • Received:2018-03-21 Online:2018-11-20 Published:2018-11-20
  • Contact: *E-mail: qihua10@163.com
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300801, 2016YFD0300103, 2017YFD0300703) and the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201503116).

摘要: 为了探究水分胁迫条件下秸秆还田对玉米产量和根系空间分布的影响,自2016年起连续2年在沈阳农业大学试验田设置了秸秆还田控水试验.于大型遮雨棚内采用滴灌控水的方法,设置行间秸秆翻埋(T1)与混拌(T2)两种还田方式,15 cm (D1)、30 cm (D2)、45 cm (D3) 3个还田深度,以秸秆不还田3个翻埋深度为对照,在玉米苗期和吐丝期分别进行旱、涝处理,分析水分胁迫条件下玉米产量和根系空间分布特征. 结果表明: 2016年S1T1D2(秸秆翻埋还田30 cm)产量显著高于对照处理,增产幅度为5.7%~7.1%;侧根和深层根系根干质量较其他处理分别高67.3%~149.9%和17.9%~116.4%;植株地上部干物质积累量显著低于其他处理,降低幅度为2.1%~35.8%. S1T1D2可以提高玉米根系生长量,扩展根长的空间分布范围,缓解了旱涝危害,实现降雨不均条件下的增产和稳产. 因此,在东北地区先旱后涝的气候条件下,春玉米生产推荐行间翻埋30 cm的秸秆还田方式.

Abstract: To investigate the effects of straw amendments on the yield and root spatial distribution of maize under water stress, an experiment with rainproof shelter was conducted in the field experimental station of Shenyang Agricultural University in 2016 and 2017. The drip irrigation facilities were used to perform water stress treatments. Straw burying (T1) and straw incorporation (T2) as two approaches of straw amendments were conducted combined with three depths of 15 cm (D1), 30 cm (D2), and 45 cm (D3) for straw returning, ploughing tillage at above three depths without straw presence as control in this study. During seedling and silking stages of maize, drought and water logging stresses were introduced respectively to the plants. Our results showed that the yield of maize under S1T1D2 treatment in 2016 was significantly increased by 5.7%-7.1%. Compared with all the rest treatments, the dry weights of lateral roots and deep roots under S1T1D2 treatment were increased by 67.3%-149.9% and 17.9%-116.4%, respectively. The dry matter accumulation in shoot of maize observed from S1T1D2 treatment was significantly lower than those under other treatments, with 2.1%-35.8% reduction. Our results indicated that S1T1D2 could significantly promote the growth and spatial distribution of maize root, accounting to release water stress and keep yield stabilization or promotion. Therefore, 30 cm of straw burying could be used as a suitable approach of straw returning for maize production in northeastern China, where the climate is with a pattern of drought first and waterlogging in later stage.