欢迎访问《应用生态学报》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

应用生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 127-136.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201901.009

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

围封对退化高寒草甸土壤微生物群落多样性及土壤化学计量特征的影响

尹亚丽1,2,3,王玉琴1,2,3,李世雄1,2,3*,刘燕2,3,赵文2,3,马玉寿1,2,3,鲍根生1,2,3   

  1. 1青海大学三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 西宁 810016;
    2青海大学畜牧兽医科学院, 西宁 810006;
    3青海省畜牧兽医科学院, 西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2018-04-23 修回日期:2018-10-30 出版日期:2019-01-20 发布日期:2019-01-20
  • 通讯作者: shixionglee@hotmail.com
  • 作者简介:尹亚丽, 女, 1977年生, 博士研究生. 主要从事草地保护及利用研究. E-mail: yyL0909@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    本文由国家自然科学基金项目(31560660)和青海省科技项目(2016-ZJ-729)资助

Effects of enclosing on soil microbial community diversity and soil stoichiometric characteristics in a degraded alpine meadow

YIN Ya-li1,2,3, WANG Yu-qin1,2,3, LI Shi-xiong 1,2,3*, LIU Yan2,3, ZHAO Wen2,3, MA Yu-shou1,2,3, BAO Gen-sheng1,2,3   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
    2Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
    3Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Xining 810016, China
  • Received:2018-04-23 Revised:2018-10-30 Online:2019-01-20 Published:2019-01-20
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31560660) and the Science and Technology Project of Qinghai Province, China (2016-ZJ-729).

摘要: 围封对植被处于近自然恢复状态的退化草地有一定的修复作用,开展轻度退化草地围封过程中生物与非生物因素的协同互作研究是完整地认识草地生态系统结构和功能的基础.本试验对围栏封育10年的轻度退化草地的土壤化学计量特征进行了研究,同时采用高通量基因测序技术并结合Biolog-Eco方法,调查了土壤微生物多样性和功能的变化.结果表明:轻度退化草地实施围封后,土壤铵态氮含量显著升高,全钾含量显著降低,土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、硝态氮、速效磷和速效钾则无明显变化.高寒草甸土壤微生物碳和氮在轻度退化和围栏封育草地间差异不显著;围栏封育后草地土壤微生物碳氮比显著高于轻度退化草地.随培养时间的延长,高寒草甸不同土层土壤微生物碳代谢强度均显著升高,土壤微生物碳代谢指数在轻度退化和围栏封育草地间差异不显著.高寒草甸土壤细菌OTUs显著高于真菌,轻度退化与围栏封育草地土壤微生物相似度为27.0%~32.7%.围封后,土壤真菌子囊菌门、接合菌门和球壶菌门相对丰富度显著升高,担子菌门显著降低,土壤细菌酸杆菌门显著低于轻度退化草地.土壤真菌和细菌群落组成在不同土层间差异较大,在轻度退化和围栏封育草地间仅有表层土壤真菌群落组成表现出较大差异.土壤细菌多样性受土壤全氮和速效钾影响较大,真菌多样性受地上生物量影响较大.土壤微生物对碳源利用能力主要受土壤速效钾影响.综上,长期围封禁牧对轻度退化草地土壤养分和土壤微生物无明显影响,且会造成牧草资源浪费,适度放牧可以保持草地资源的可持续利用.

关键词: 代谢功能, 微生物多样性, 高通量测序, 退化高寒草甸, 围栏封育

Abstract: Enclosing is an effective rehabilitation measure for degraded pastures that mimics natural recovery of vegetation. To examine the interaction between biotic and abiotic in lightly degraded and enclosing grasslands is helpful for a clear understanding of the structure and function of grassland ecosystem. In this study, soil microbial community and soil stoichiometric characteristics in lightly degraded and 10-year enclosing alpine meadows were studied by high-throughput sequencing and Biolog-Eco methods. The results showed that compared with lightly degraded grassland, the concentration of soil NH4+-N in the enclosing grassland increased significantly, while total K (TK) dramatically decreased. There was no obvious variation in soil total organic carbon (TOC), total N (TN), total P (TP), NO3--N, available P (AP), available K (AK), microbial biomass C (MBC) and microbial biomass N (MBN). The soil microbial biomass C/N was significantly enhanced. The carbon metabolic capabilities of soil microbes in different soil layers of alpine mea-dow were obviously increased with the prolonged incubation time, but there was no significant difference between lightly degraded and enclosed meadows. The OTUs of soil bacteria was significantly higher than that of fungi in alpine meadow. The microbial similarity between lightly degraded and fencing grasslands was 27.0%-32.7%. Enclosing significantly increased the fungal relative richness of Ascomycota, Zygomycetes and Chytridiomycota, while simultaneously decreased the rela-tive abundance of Basidiomycetes. Compared with lightly degraded meadow, the bacterial relative richness of Acidobacteria significantly decreased in enclosing meadow. The community composition of soil fungi and bacteria greatly varied among different soil layers. There was significant difference of fungal community composition in the upper soils between lightly degraded and enclosed grassland. The soil bacterial community diversity was greatly affected by soil TN and AK, while the fungal community diversity was significantly affected by plant aboveground biomass. Soil AK produced great influence on soil microbial carbon source utilization capacity. Generally, long-term grazing exclosure had no significant effects on soil nutrients and soil microbial community diversity of lightly degraded grassland and thus would waste the pasture resources, whereas appropriate grazing could maintain the sustainable utilization of grassland.

Key words: enclosure, high-throughput sequencing., soil microbial diversity, metabolic function, degraded alpine meadow