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应用生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 1415-1422.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201904.040

• • 上一篇    

水蚀风蚀交错区不同土地利用方式的土壤水气传输特性

韩蕾1, 潘雅文2, 朱志梅1*, 樊军2,3, 王胜3   

  1. 1西北大学城市与环境学院, 西安 710127;
    2西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100;
    3中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2018-09-03 出版日期:2019-04-20 发布日期:2019-04-20
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: zhzhmx@126.com
  • 作者简介:韩 蕾,女,1993年生,硕士研究生. 主要从事环境土壤物理研究. E-mail: hanlei823@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本文由中国科学院西部青年学者A类项目(XAB2015A03)和国家自然科学基金项目(41571224)资助

The characteristics of soil water and gas transport under different land use patterns in the water-wind erosion crisscross region

HAN Lei1, PAN Ya-wen2, ZHU Zhi-mei1*, FAN Jun2,3, WANG Sheng3   

  1. 1College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China;
    2Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
    3State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2018-09-03 Online:2019-04-20 Published:2019-04-20
  • Contact: * E-mail: zhzhmx@126.com
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Western Young Scholars Project (Class A) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XAB2015A03) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41571224).

摘要: 研究水蚀风蚀交错区土地利用方式转变对土壤水气传输的影响,可为黄土高原生态恢复过程中有限水土资源的高效利用提供参考.为了分析不同土地利用方式下的土壤水气传输特性,探究饱和导水率(Ks)、导气率(Ka)和相对气体扩散率(DP/D0)间的关系,对柠条地、撂荒地、苜蓿地、农地和裸地样地0~5 cm深度土层原状土,采用定水头法测定Ks,气室法测定DP/D0,土壤导气率测定仪测定田间持水量(FC)下的Ka.结果表明: 土壤0~5 cm容重(ρb)的大小顺序为苜蓿地>裸地>撂荒地>柠条地>农地,撂荒地、裸地和苜蓿地ρb与农地差异显著.土壤总孔隙度(Φ)的大小顺序为农地>柠条地>撂荒地>裸地>苜蓿地,相比农地,苜蓿地、裸地和撂荒地土壤Φ分别低7.5%、4.7%和3.1%.充气孔隙度(ε100)的大小顺序为农地>撂荒地>柠条地>裸地>苜蓿地,苜蓿地、裸地、柠条地和撂荒地ε100分别较农地低38.3%、33.6%、12.8%和10.1%.土壤Ks的大小顺序为撂荒地>柠条地>苜蓿地>裸地>农地,其中,撂荒地Ks显著高于其他4种土地利用方式;土壤Ka的大小顺序为撂荒地>苜蓿地>柠条地>裸地>农地,撂荒地与农地之间差异显著;土壤DP/D0的大小顺序为撂荒地>柠条地>苜蓿地>农地>裸地,其中,柠条地和撂荒地土壤DP/D0显著大于农地,分别较农地高36.8%和61.6%.土壤Ks和FC条件下的KaDP/D0之间呈显著相关.土地利用方式转变显著改变了土壤的通透性,耕地撂荒或者种植柠条及苜蓿改善了表层土壤导水和导气性能,农地和裸地土壤水气传输能力较差.

关键词: 气体传输, 土地利用方式, 水力特性

Abstract: Understanding the effects of land use patterns on soil water and gas transport in the water-wind erosion crisscross region can provide guidance for high-efficiency use of limited soil and water resource in the ecological rehabilitation process on the Loess Plateau. To investigate the cha-racteristics of soil water and gas transport under different land use patterns and to study the relationships between soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), air permeability (Ka) and relative gas diffusivity (DP/D0), we collected soil samples (0-5 cm depth) from Caragana korshinskii land, abandoned land, alfalfa land, cropland, and bare land. Ks was measured by constant-head method. DP/D0 was measured by gas chamber method. Ka under field capacity (FC) was measured using the soil gas permeability meter. Results showed that soil bulk density (ρb) ranked as alfalfa land>bare land>abandoned land>C. korshinskii land >cropland, with that of abandoned land, bare land and alfalfa land being significantly different from that of cropland. Total soil porosity (Φ) ranked as cropland>C. korshinskii land>abandoned land>bare land>alfalfa land. Compared with cropland, Φ of alfalfa land, bare land and abandoned land was lower by 7.5%, 4.7% and 3.1%, respectively. Air filled porosity (ε100) ranked as cropland>abandoned land>C. korshinskii land>bare land>alfalfa land. ε100 of alfalfa land, bare land, C. korshinskii land and abandoned land was lower by 38.3%, 33.6%, 12.8% and 10.1%, respectively, as compared with cropland. Soil Ks ranked as abandoned land>C. korshinskii land>alfalfa land>bare land>cropland, with that of the abandoned land being significantly higher than the other four land use patterns. Soil Ka ranked as abandoned land>alfalfa land>C. korshinskii land>bare land>cropland, with that of abandoned land being significantly diffe-rent with cropland. Soil DP/D0 ranked as abandoned land> C. korshinskii land> alfalfa land>cropland>bare land, in which DP/D0 of C. korshinskii land and abandoned land was significantly higher than cropland by 36.8% and 61.6%, respectively. There were significant correlations between Ks and Ka, DP/D0 under FC conditions. Land use patterns significantly changed soil permeability. Farmland, abandonment, C. korshinskii, and alfalfa plantation improved hydraulic and gas transport parameters of the surface soil. In contrast, farmland and bare land had poor capability of soil water and gas transport.

Key words: hydraulic characteristics, land use pattern, air transport