欢迎访问《应用生态学报》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

应用生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 3771-3776.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201911.021

• • 上一篇    下一篇

施氮量对夏玉米籽粒灌浆特性和营养品质的影响

于宁宁, 任佰朝, 赵斌, 刘鹏, 张吉旺*   

  1. 山东农业大学/作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2018-11-19 出版日期:2019-11-15 发布日期:2019-11-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: jwzhang@sdau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:于宁宁, 女, 1993年生, 硕士研究生. 主要从事玉米栽培生理生态研究. E-mail: 1015317619@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2015CB150404)、国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-18)和山东省“双一流”奖补资金(SYL2017YSTD02)资助

Effects of nitrogen application rate on grain filling characteristics and nutritional quality of summer maize.

YU Ning-ning, REN Bai-zhao, ZHAO Bin, LIU Peng, ZHANG Ji-wang*   

  1. Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2018-11-19 Online:2019-11-15 Published:2019-11-15
  • Contact: * E-mail: jwzhang@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB150404), National Modern Agricultural Technology & Industry System (CARS-02-18) and Funds of Shandong “Double-Tops” Program (SYL2017YSTD02)

摘要: 合理施氮可显著提高夏玉米籽粒灌浆速率,增加产量,改善品质.本试验以登海518(DH518)和郑单958(ZD958)为供试材料,大田条件下设置不施氮(N0)、少量施氮(N1,129kg N·hm-2)、适量施氮(N2,184.5 kg N·hm-2)和过量施氮(N3,300 kg N·hm-2)4个施氮量处理,研究施氮量对夏玉米籽粒灌浆特性和籽粒品质的影响.结果表明:不施氮处理玉米的籽粒灌浆受抑制,粒重减小,产量显著降低;随着施氮量增加,两品种的籽粒平均灌浆速率增加,粒重和产量显著增加,N1处理较N0增产16.4%~57.2%,N2处理较N0增产35.8%~65.1%.N0处理的籽粒粗蛋白、可溶性糖和总淀粉含量及支链/直链淀粉(支/直)降低,粗脂肪含量增加;DH518品种N2处理较N0、N1处理的粗蛋白、可溶性糖和总淀粉含量分别增加32.5%、6.5%,19.9%、9.5%和8.9%、5.2%,且支/直升高;ZD958品种N2处理较N0、N1处理的粗蛋白、可溶性糖和总淀粉含量分别增加16.9%、7.8%,30.5%、14.8%和11.5%、5.7%,支/直升高;两品种N2处理的粗脂肪含量较N0和N1降低4.8%~12.3%.但是,过量施氮(N3)较N2处理夏玉米产量降低,籽粒品质下降.可见,合理施氮可促进夏玉米籽粒灌浆,增加粒重,提高产量,改善品质.

Abstract: Suitable nitrogen application rate can significantly increase grain filling rate and yield and improve nutritional quality. Denghai 518 (DH518) and Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) were used as experimental materials in this study. A field experiment with four treatments, no nitrogen treatment (N0), decrement nitrogen application rate (N1, 129 kg N·hm-2), suitable nitrogen rate (N2, 184.5 kg N·hm-2) and excessive nitrogen rate (N3, 300 kg N·hm-2), was conducted to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilization on grain filling parameters and nutritional qualities of summer maize. Results showed that grain filling characteristics, grain dry weight, and yield in N0 treatment was decreased. With increasing nitrogen application rate in the suitable range, average filling rate, grain dry weight, and yield increased. Grain yield of two hybrids in N1 and N2 treatments was higher than that of N0 by 16.4%-57.2% and 35.8%-65.1%, respectively. Grain protein, soluble sugar, starch contents and the ratio of amylopectin and amylase contents were lower and crude fat content was higher in N0 treatment. Grain protein content, soluble sugar content and starch content in N2 of DH518 were higher than that of N0 and N1 by 32.5% and 6.5%, 19.9% and 9.5%, 8.9% and 5.2%, and the ratio of amylopectin and amylose contents was increased. Grain protein, soluble sugar and starch contents in N2 of ZD958 were higher than that of N0 and N1 by 16.9% and 7.8%, 30.5% and 14.8%, 11.5% and 5.7%, and the ratio of amylopectin and amylase contents was increased. Crude fat content in N2 of both hybrids decreased significantly by 4.8%-12.3% than that of N0 and N1. However, yield and nutritional quality was increased in N3 treatment than that of N2. Our results suggested that suitable nitrogen rate could enhance grain filling, grain weight, and grain nutritional quality.