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应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (11): 3946-3958.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202011.035

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污染场地土壤生态风险评估研究进展

王美娥1,2*, 丁寿康1,2, 郭观林3, 李勖之4, 姜瑢1, 张媛1,2, 谢天1   

  1. 1中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085;
    2中国科学院大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100049;
    3生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心, 北京 100012;
    4生态环境部南京环境科学研究所国家环境保护土壤环境管理与污染控制重点实验室, 南京 210042
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-03 接受日期:2020-08-19 出版日期:2020-11-15 发布日期:2021-06-10
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: mewang@rcees.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:王美娥, 女, 1975年生, 博士, 副研究员。主要从事土壤污染生态风险评估研究。E-mail: mewang@rcees.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1800505)资助

Advances in ecological risk assessment of soil in contaminated sites

WANG Mei-e1,2*, DING Shou-kang1,2, GUO Guan-lin3, LI Xu-zhi4, JIANG Rong1, ZHANG Yuan1,2, XIE Tian1   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
    2College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China;
    4State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
  • Received:2020-03-03 Accepted:2020-08-19 Online:2020-11-15 Published:2021-06-10
  • Contact: * E-mail: mewang@rcees.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1800505).

摘要: 随着我国快速城市化以及产业结构的调整,遗留下了大量的污染场地,发展和实施污染场地土壤生态风险评估是进行大规模污染场地修复行动的必要条件。本文围绕污染场地土壤生态风险评估的科学原理、框架构建及技术方法等方面的关键问题: 1)评估框架的场地实际针对性;2)概念模型的不确定性;3)土壤复合污染毒性机制;4)评估终点筛选;5)评估方法和框架构建等展开讨论,指出土壤复合污染的制毒机制,即污染物生物有效性和联合效应是污染场地土壤生态风险评估的关键科学问题。耦合美国环保局四步法和欧盟层级法的“证据-权重法”评估框架适用于野外复杂环境条件下的土壤污染生态风险评估。建议今后重点开展以下5个方面的工作: 1)污染场地土壤生态风险评估技术框架与风险管控技术框架之间的联合;2)概念模型研究;3)基于过程的场地土壤污染物反应运移模型研究;4)场地土壤复合污染生态毒理学机制研究;5)生态系统高水平生态风险评估终点研究。旨在为形成我国本土污染场地土壤生态风险评估技术指南提供理论基础和构架。

关键词: 土壤复合污染, 联合效应评估, 生物有效性, 评估终点, 证据-权重法

Abstract: With the rapid urbanization and industrial structure adjustment in China, many contaminated sites have been left for remediation. It is essential to develop and implement ecological risk assessment (ERA) before remediating contaminated sites at a large scale as well as sequential management. In this review, we discussed the key problems in ecological risk assessment of soils in contaminated sites focusing on scientific principles, frameworks, techniques, and approaches, including 1) the site-specific framework, 2) uncertainty of conceptual model, 3) toxic mechanisms of combined contamination in soil, 4) screening of assessment endpoints, and 5) development of assessing approaches and frameworks. Then, two perspectives were addressed: the toxicological mechanism of soil combined pollution including bioavailability of contaminants in soil and their joint effect is the scientific problem in ecological risk assessment of soil in contaminated site; and weight of evidence approach based on USEPA four-step approach and EU Tier approach is applicable for ecological risk assessment in field conditions. Future studies should focus on: 1) the coordination of ecological risk assessment (ERA) framework and risk management framework, 2) conceptual mo-del, 3) process-based reactive transport models for exposure evaluation, 4) ecotoxicological mechanism of combined contamination in site soil, and 5) high ecological level endpoints. The aim of this review was to provide theoretical base and framework for the establishment of local guideline of ecological risk assessment in China.

Key words: combined pollution of soil, assessment of joint effect, bioavailability, assessment endpoints, weight of evidence approach