西藏色季拉山垂直植被带土壤细菌群落组成及功能潜势

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202106.035

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究青藏高原土壤微生物群落组成和功能的空间分布特征有助于深入理解典型高寒生态系统中土壤微生物的重要生态功能。本研究采用16S rDNA高通量测序方法,分析了西藏色季拉山4个不同海拔土壤细菌群落物种组成和功能潜势的变化特征及其驱动因子。结果表明: 随着海拔的升高,土壤细菌的丰富度和Shannon多样性指数显著降低;酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、芽单胞菌门和硝化螺旋菌门的相对丰度显著增加,而变形菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度则显著降低。KEGG二级代谢通路中,膜运输及氨基酸、脂类、萜类和聚酮类化合物代谢相关基因的相对丰度在高海拔显著降低,而碳水化合物代谢、信号转导、复制与修复、酶家族等基因丰度则显著升高。不同海拔土壤细菌群落组成和功能潜势的变化受到植被和土壤因子的显著影响,并且pH值是关键驱动因子。群落功能潜势与放线菌门、拟杆菌门、纤维杆菌门等种群丰度显著相关。不同海拔下群落KEGG代谢通路基因组成的差异(β多样性)与土壤细菌群落结构的差异呈显著正相关,说明微生物群落组成与功能潜势之间可能存在紧密关联。

关键词: 青藏高原, 16S rDNA, 细菌, 群落组成, 功能预测, 海拔

Abstract: Information on the spatial distribution of soil microbial communities on the Tibetan Pla-teau is critical for in-depth understanding the important roles of microbes in typical alpine ecosystems. In this study, 16S rDNA Illumina Miseq sequencing was used to analyze the variations in bacterial community composition and functional potentials in soils sampled from four elevations on Mount Segrila, Tibet, and the driving environmental factors. Results showed that richness and Shannon diversity index of soil bacteria significantly decreased with increasing altitude. The relative abundances of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, and Nitrospirae significantly increased, whereas that of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes significantly decreased with increasing altitude. In KEGG pathway (level Ⅱ), the relative abundance of genes related to membrane transport and the metabolism of amino acids, lipids, terpenoids and polyketones was significantly lower at high elevations. In contrast, genes related to carbohydrates metabolism, signal transduction, replication and repair and enzyme family were more abundant at high altitudes. Soil bacterial community composition and predicted functions were significantly affected by vegetation types and soil properties, with soil pH being the key driver. There were significant correlations between the abundances of predicted functions and bacterial taxa, such as Acitnobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Fibrobacteres. The dissimilarity in the composition of KEGG pathway genes along the elevational gradient (β-diversity) showed a significantly positive correlation with the dissimilarity in bacterial community structure, indicating that there was a strong relationship between microbial community composition and potential functionality.

Key words: Tibetan Plateau, 16S rDNA, bacteria, community composition, function predicting, elevation

安前东, 徐梦, 张旭博, 焦克, 张崇玉. 西藏色季拉山垂直植被带土壤细菌群落组成及功能潜势[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(6): 2147-2157.

AN Qian-dong, XU Meng, ZHANG Xu-bo, JIAO Ke, ZHANG Chong-yu. Soil bacterial community composition and functional potentials along the vertical vegetation transect on Mount Segrila, Tibet, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(6): 2147-2157.

参考文献

[1] Heijden MGAVD, Bardgett RD, Straalen NMV. The unseen majority: Soil microbes as drivers of plant diversity and productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. Ecology Letters, 2010, 11: 296-310
[2] Bardgett RD, Putten WHVD. Belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Nature, 2014, 515: 505-511
[3] Fierer N, Strickland MS, Liptzin D, et al. Global patterns in belowground communities. Ecology Letters, 2009, 12: 1238-1249
[4] Ettema CH, Wardle DA. Spatial soil ecology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 2002, 17: 177-183
[5] Fierer N, Jacson RB. The diversity and biogeography of soil bacterial communities. Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences of the United States of America, 2006, 103: 626-631
[6] Lauber CL, Hamady M, Knight R, et al. Pyrosequen-cing-based assessment of soil pH as a predictor of soil bacterial community structure at the continental scale. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2009, 75: 5111-5120
[7] 张丹丹, 张丽梅, 沈菊培, 等. 珠穆朗玛峰不同海拔梯度上土壤细菌和真菌群落变化特征. 生态学报, 2018, 38(7): 2247-2261 [Zhang D-D, Zhang L-M, Shen J-P, et al. Soil bacterial and fungal community succession along an altitude gradient on Mount Everest. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(7): 2247-2261]
[8] Cui Y, Bing H, Fang L, et al. Diversity patterns of the rhizosphere and bulk soil microbial communities along an altitudinal gradient in an alpine ecosystem of the eas-tern Tibetan Plateau. Geoderma, 2019, 338: 118-127
[9] 王颖, 宗宁, 何念鹏, 等. 青藏高原高寒草甸不同海拔梯度下土壤微生物群落碳代谢多样性. 生态学报, 2018, 38(16): 5837-5845 [Wang Y, Zong N, He N-P, et al. Soil microbial functional diversity patterns and drivers along an elevation gradient on Qinghai-Tibet, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(16): 5837-5845]
[10] Xu M, Li XL, Cai XB, et al. Soil microbial community structure and activity along a montane elevational gra-dient on the Tibetan Plateau. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2014, 64: 6-14
[11] 马和平, 郭其强, 刘合满, 等. 藏东南色季拉山西坡土壤有机碳库研究. 生态学报, 2013, 33(10): 3122-3128 [Ma H-P, Guo Q-Q, Liu H-M, et al. Soil organic carbon pool at the western side of the Mount Segrila, southeast Tibet, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(10): 3122-3128]
[12] Wang JT, Cao P, Hu HW, et al. Altitudinal distribution patterns of soil bacterial and archaeal communities along Mt. Shegyla on the Tibetan Plateau. Microbial Ecology, 2015, 69: 135-145
[13] 杨媛媛. 藏东南高寒山区土壤微生物地理格局及空间分布预测. 博士论文. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2019 [Yang Y-Y. Geographi-cal Patterns and Spatial Distribution Prediction of Soil Microorganisms in Alpine Ecosystem of Southeast Tibet. PhD Thesis. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2019]
[14] 斯贵才, 袁艳丽, 王建, 等. 藏东南森林土壤微生物群落结构与土壤酶活性随海拔梯度的变化. 微生物学通报, 2014, 41(10): 2001-2011 [Si G-C, Yuan Y-L, Wang J, et al. Microbial community and soil enzyme activities along an altitudinal gradient in Sejila Mountains. Microbiology China, 2014, 41(10): 2001-2011]
[15] Langille MGI, Zaneveld J, Caporaso JG, et al. Predictive functional profiling of microbial communities using 16S rRNA marker gene sequences. Nature Biotechnology, 2013, 31: 814-821
[16] Ling N, Zhu C, Xue C, et al. Insight into how organic amendments can shape the soil microbiome in long-term field experiments as revealed by network analysis. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2016, 99: 137-149
[17] 段鹏飞, 陈彦, 张菲, 等. 芒草种植对土壤细菌群落结构和功能的影响. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(6): 2030-2038 [Duan P-F, Chen Y, Zhang F, et al. Effect of Miscanthus planting on the structure and function of soil bacterial community. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(6): 2030-2038]
[18] 厉桂香, 马克明. 北京东灵山树线处土壤细菌的PICRUSt基因预测分析. 生态学报, 2018, 38(6): 2180-2186 [Li G-X, Ma K-M. PICRUSt-based predicted metagenomic analysis of treeline soil bacteria on Mount Dongling, Beijing. Acta Ecologica Sinica. 2018, 38(6): 2180-2186]
[19] 杜军, 高荣, 马鹏飞, 等. 西藏色齐拉山地区立体气候特征初步分析. 高原山地气象研究, 2009, 29(1): 14-18 [Du J, Gao R, Ma P-F, et al. Analysis of stereo-scopic climate features on Mt. Seqilha, Tibet. Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research, 2009, 29(1): 14-18]
[20] 卓嘎, 边巴次仁, 旺杰, 等. 西藏色季拉山藏药材生长区域气候特征的初步分析. 资源科学, 2010, 32(8): 1452-1461 [Zhuo G, Bianba C-R, Wang J, et al. Analysis of regional climate characteristics of Tibetan herbal products growing on Mt. Seqilha. Resources Science, 2010, 32(8): 1452-1461]
[21] Shen CC, Xiong JB, Zhang HY, et al. Soil pH drives the spatial distribution of bacterial communities along elevation on Changbai Mountain. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2013, 57: 204-211
[22] Rousk J, Bååth E. Growth of saprotrophic fungi and bacteria in soil. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 2011, 78: 17-30
[23] Wu ZX, Hao ZP, Sun YQ, et al. Comparison on the structure and function of the rhizosphere microbial community between healthy and root-rot Panax notoginseng. Applied Soil Ecology, 2016, 107: 99-107
[24] Yang YF, Gao Y, Wang SP, et al. The microbial gene diversity along an elevation gradient of the Tibetan grassland. ISME Journal, 2014, 8: 430-440
[25] Shen CC, Shi Y, Ni YY, et al. Dramatic increases of soil microbial functional gene diversity at the treeline ecotone of Changbai Mountain. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016, 7: 1184
[26] 李萍, 史荣久, 赵峰, 等. 大兴安岭落叶松林不同演替阶段土壤细菌群落结构与功能潜势. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(1): 95-107 [Li P, Shi R-J, Zhao F, et al. Soil bacterial community structure and predicted functions in the larch forest during succession at the Greater Khingan Mountains of Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(1): 95-107]
[27] Kielak AM, Barreto CC, Kowalchuk GA, et al. The Ecology of Acidobacteria: Moving beyond Genes and Genomes. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016, 7: 744
[28] Wolińska A, Kuźniar A, Zielenkiewicz U, et al. Bacteroidetes as a sensitive biological indicator of agricultural soil usage revealed by a culture-independent approach. Applied Soil Ecology, 2017, 119: 128-137
[29] Bell A, Newman JA, Bernard W, et al. The contribution of species richness and composition to bacterial services. Nature, 2005, 436: 1157-1160
[30] Fierer N, Leff JW, Adams BJ, et al. Cross-biome meta-genomic analyses of soil microbial communities and their functional attributes. Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences of the United States of America, 2012, 109: 21390-21395
[31] García-García N, Tamames J, Linz AM, et al. Microdiversity ensures the maintenance of functional microbial communities under changing environmental conditions. ISME Journal, 2019, 13: 2969-2983
[32] Liang YT, Xiao X, Nuccio EE, et al. Differentiation strategies of soil rare and abundant microbial taxa in response to changing climatic regimes. Environmental Microbiology, 2020, 22: 1327-1340