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应用生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (7): 2633-2643.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202107.040

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微塑料污染对浮游生物影响研究进展

惠进1,2, 龙遥跃1,2, 李紫莹1, 潘瑛1*, 陈礼强2   

  1. 1云南大学生态与环境学院, 昆明 650504;
    2云南大学国际河流与生态安全研究院/云南省国际河流与跨境生态安全重点实验室, 昆明 650504
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-11 修回日期:2021-04-19 出版日期:2021-07-15 发布日期:2022-01-15
  • 通讯作者: *panying@ynu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:惠进,女,1995年生,硕士研究生.主要从事污染生态学研究.E-mail:huijin@mail.ynu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32071537, 31670440, 31300361)、云南省应用基础研究计划重点项目(202001BB050021)和中国大学生科研创新创业训练项目(201910673011)

Effects of microplastics pollution on plankton: A review

HUI Jin1,2, LONG Yao-yue1,2, LI Zi-ying, PAN Ying1*, CHEN Li-qiang2   

  1. 1School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China;
    2Instititue of International Rivers and Eco-security/Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Trans-Boundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
  • Received:2021-01-11 Revised:2021-04-19 Online:2021-07-15 Published:2022-01-15
  • Contact: *panying@ynu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071537 ,31670440, 31300361), the Key Project of Applied Basic Research Pro-gram of Yunnan Province, China (202001 BB050021),and the Under-graduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of China(201910673011).

摘要: 微塑料作为一种新型的环境污染物,大量存在于水环境中,给水生生物带来了极大的危害。浮游生物是水生食物链的基础,是水生生态系统物质循环和能量流动的重要环节;同时,浮游生物也是对各种环境污染物最敏感的类群。了解微塑料对浮游生物的影响是评价其生态风险的重要依据。本文介绍了环境中微塑料来源、特征及水生态系统微塑料污染现状,阐述了微塑料对水生生物的直接和间接危害,并重点聚焦于浮游植物和浮游动物,从个体、种群和群落的层次详细总结了微塑料的影响及其作用机制。最后,本文指出当前针对浮游生物微观基因和蛋白质组学,以及宏观种群和群落响应等方面的研究还非常缺乏,为今后开展微塑料危害研究提供参考。

关键词: 微塑料, 浮游植物, 浮游动物, 毒性机制

Abstract: Microplastics, a new class of environmental pollutants, accumulates in the environment at an uncontrollable rate, which threatens aquatic organisms. Plankton are the basis of food webs and play a significant role in the material circulation and energy flow of aquatic ecosystems. Plankton are sensitive to various environmental pollutants. It is necessary to investigate the impacts of microplastics on plankton. Here, we analzyed the sources and characteristics of microplastics, and the current state of microplastic pollution in aquatic ecosystem. The direct and indirect harmful effects of microplastics on aquatic organisms were elaborated. Then, we focused on the potential consequences of microplastics on phytoplankton and zooplankton species from different scales, ranging from individual, population, to community level. With respect to plankton organisms, few studies were carried out on genomics and proteomics from the microcosmic perspective, and on popu-lation and community responses from the macroscopic aspect. This review would provide references for further studies.

Key words: microplastic, phytoplankton, zooplankton, toxicity mechanism