我国北方几种玉米和设施菜地土壤的N2O和N2排放特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202109.007

应用生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 3204-3212.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202109.007

我国北方几种玉米和设施菜地土壤的N₂O和N₂排放特征

赵星涵^1,2, 刘东³, 黄凯^1,2, 全智^1,4*, 黄斌^1,5, 方运霆^1,4, 陈欣^1,5

¹中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016;
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
³沈阳建筑大学, 沈阳 110168;
⁴辽宁省稳定同位素技术重点实验室, 沈阳 110016;
⁵中国科学院沈阳生态实验站, 沈阳 110016

收稿日期:2021-03-04 接受日期:2021-06-28 出版日期:2021-09-15 发布日期:2022-03-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: quanzhi@iae.ac.cn
作者简介:赵星涵, 男, 1997年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事农田土壤气态氮排放研究。E-mail: zhaoxinghan18@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFA0600800)、国家自然科学基金项目(41701309)和中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所寿光设施农业研究中心开放性课题(2018SG-B-03)资助

N₂O and N₂ emission characteristics from maize and greenhouse vegetable soils in Northern China

ZHAO Xing-han^1,2, LIU Dong³, HUANG Kai^1,2, QUAN Zhi^1,4*, HUANG Bin^1,5, FANG Yun-ting^1,4, CHEN Xin^1,5

¹Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
³Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China;
⁴Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang 110016, China;
⁵Shenyang Agro-ecosystem Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

Received:2021-03-04 Accepted:2021-06-28 Online:2021-09-15 Published:2022-03-15
Contact: * E-mail: quanzhi@iae.ac.cn
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFA0600800), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41701309) and Open Research Project of Shouguang Facility Agriculture Center of Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2018SG-B-03).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探究旱地土壤施入氮肥后的气态氮(N₂O和N₂)损失规律,本研究通过室内好氧培养试验(60 d,25 ℃,80%孔隙含水量),运用¹⁵N同位素示踪技术,研究了4个玉米地土壤(哈尔滨、沈阳、栾城、寿光)和2个设施菜地土壤(沈阳、寿光)在施入尿素后的氮转化、N₂O和N₂排放动态。试验中尿素添加量为167 mg N·kg^-1,以模拟田间氮肥施用量200 kg N·hm^-²。结果表明: 在4个玉米地土壤中,尿素施用60 d内N₂O累积排放量为寿光(20 mg N·kg^-1)>栾城(14 mg N·kg^-1)>沈阳(5 mg N·kg^-1)>哈尔滨(0.5 mg N·kg^-1),N₂累积排放量为栾城(176 mg N·kg^-1)>沈阳(106 mg N·kg^-1)>寿光(75 mg N·kg^-1)>哈尔滨(12 mg N·kg^-1);在2个设施菜地土壤中,寿光土壤N₂O累积排放量(21 mg N·kg^-1)是沈阳(2 mg N·kg^-1)的10倍,而两个站点N₂累积排放量分别为28和24 mg N·kg^-1。不同土壤N₂O排放占两种气体排放总量的5%～40%,其中寿光土壤(30%～40%)显著高于其他样地土壤(1%～10%)。在土壤排放的N₂O和N₂中,土壤氮库分别贡献了56%和61%,高于添加当季氮肥的贡献率。相关分析表明,N₂O累积排放量与本底土壤pH呈正相关,说明土壤本底pH可能是调控不同旱地土壤N₂O和N₂排放的重要环境因子。在华北碱性土壤区,采用能降低土壤pH值的措施可能具有较好的气态氮减排效果。

关键词: 氧化亚氮, 氮气, ¹⁵N标记示踪法, 玉米土壤, 菜地土壤

Abstract: To explore N₂O and N₂ emissions from upland soils after nitrogen fertilizer application, a 60-day aerobic incubation experiment (25 ℃,80% water-filled pore space) using the ¹⁵N tracing method was conducted to quantify the N transformation, N₂O and N₂ emissions from maize soils from four sites (Harbin, Shenyang, Luancheng and Shouguang) and vegetable soils from two sites (Shen-yang and Shouguang), with urea being applied at 167 mg N·kg^-1 to simulate the field application rate of 200 kg N·hm^-2. The results showed that for the four sites with maize soils, the cumulative emission of N₂O was in the order of Shouguang (20 mg N·kg^-1) > Luancheng (14 mg N·kg^-1) > Shenyang (5 mg N·kg^-1) > Harbin (0.5 mg N·kg^-1) and the cumulative N₂ emission was in the order of Luancheng (176 mg N·kg^-1) > Shenyang (106 mg N·kg^-1) > Shouguang (75 mg N·kg^-1) > Harbin (12 mg N·kg^-1). For vegetable soils, the cumulative N₂O emission of Shouguang (21 mg N·kg^-1) was 10 times of that of Shenyang (2 mg N·kg^-1), but without differences in cumulative N₂ emissions (28 and 24 mg N·kg^-1, respectively). The N₂O/(N₂O+N₂) of the six soils ranged from 5% to 40%. The N₂O/(N₂O+N₂) of the two soils from Shouguang (30%-40%) was significantly higher than other four soils (1%-10%). Soil bulk N pool contributes to 56% of total N₂O emission and 61% of total N₂ emission, which was higher than the contribution of fertilizer. The cumulative N₂O emission was positively correlated with soil background pH, which indicated that soil background pH might be an important factor regulating N₂O and N₂ emission from upland soils. In the alkaline soil regions of North China Plain (such as Luancheng and Shouguang), mea-sures to reduce soil pH might have great impact on reducing N gaseous emission.

Key words: nitrous oxide, nitrogen, ¹⁵N tracing method, maize soil, vegetable soil

赵星涵, 刘东, 黄凯, 全智, 黄斌, 方运霆, 陈欣. 我国北方几种玉米和设施菜地土壤的N₂O和N₂排放特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(9): 3204-3212.

ZHAO Xing-han, LIU Dong, HUANG Kai, QUAN Zhi, HUANG Bin, FANG Yun-ting, CHEN Xin. N₂O and N₂ emission characteristics from maize and greenhouse vegetable soils in Northern China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(9): 3204-3212.

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我国北方几种玉米和设施菜地土壤的N₂O和N₂排放特征

N₂O and N₂ emission characteristics from maize and greenhouse vegetable soils in Northern China

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