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应用生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 4467-4474.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202112.013

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煤矿区复垦土壤中有机肥的分解动态及其驱动因素

李然1,2, 段英华2, 孙楠2, 邬磊2, 张强1, 靳东升1, 郜春花1, 洪坚平3, 徐明岗1,2*   

  1. 1山西农业大学生态环境产业技术研究院, 土壤环境与养分资源山西省重点实验室, 太原 030031;
    2中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室, 北京 100081;
    3山西农业大学资源环境学院, 山西晋中 030801
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-15 修回日期:2021-09-22 出版日期:2021-12-15 发布日期:2022-06-15
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: xuminggang@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:李 然, 男, 1992年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事土壤培肥与改良研究。E-mail: 799930704@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U1710255)资助

Decomposition dynamics and driving factors of manure in reclaimed soils in coal mining area

LI Ran1,2, DUAN Ying-hua2, SUN Nan2, WU Lei2, ZHANG Qiang1, JIN Dong-sheng1, GAO Chun-hua1, HONG Jian-ping3, XU Ming-gang1,2*   

  1. 1Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Engineer and Technology Academy of Ecology and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China;
    2Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving of Arable Land, Beijing 100081, China;
    3College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2021-03-15 Revised:2021-09-22 Online:2021-12-15 Published:2022-06-15
  • Contact: *E-mail: xuminggang@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1710255)

摘要: 基于煤矿区不同复垦年限土壤,研究有机肥的分解动态及其驱动因素,可为有机肥合理施用和矿区土壤培肥提供科学依据。本研究以山西煤矿复垦区为试验平台,采用尼龙网袋填埋法,在复垦年限为1年(复垦初期阶段,R1)、10年(复垦中期阶段,R10)和30年(复垦长期阶段,R30)的土壤中进行有机肥分解试验(有机肥碳量与土壤重量比例为4∶100)。供试有机肥为牛粪和猪粪,以不添加有机肥为对照(CK),填埋深度为15 cm。在填埋后的第12、23、55、218、281和365 d采集尼龙网袋样品,测定有机肥残留量、土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)和可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量,采用方差分解分析(VPA)量化土壤性质、有机肥性质和水热条件对有机肥分解的贡献率。结果表明: 猪粪的分解速率显著高于牛粪。猪粪的腐殖化系数(46.3%)显著低于牛粪(71.7%);猪粪在复垦30年的土壤中的腐殖化系数(44.5%)显著低于复垦1年和10年的土壤(47.2%);而牛粪在3种复垦年限土壤中的腐殖化系数无显著差异。猪粪和牛粪的易分解碳库占总碳库的比例分别为52%和26%,易分解碳库分解速率常数分别为0.00085和0.00074 ℃-1,且差异显著。在0~218 d填埋时间段内,猪粪还田对复垦土壤MBC和DOC的提升作用显著高于牛粪,在281~365 d填埋时间段内,两者差异不显著。有机肥还田下,3种复垦年限土壤中MBC和DOC的增长幅度均表现为R1 >R10 ≈ R30。在土壤性质、物料性质和水热条件中,有机肥性质是其分解的主要影响因子,对有机肥分解的单独贡献率最大,为17.9%。综上,猪粪的分解受到土壤复垦年限的影响,而牛粪的分解不受土壤复垦年限的影响。在不同复垦年限土壤中,牛粪的腐殖化系数显著高于猪粪,在煤矿复垦区建议选择腐熟的牛粪进行有机肥还田,以提高土壤肥力。

关键词: 有机肥, 复垦土壤, 分解速率, 活性碳氮, 水热条件

Abstract: Understanding the decomposition dynamics and driving factors of manure in the soil subjected to different reclaimed years could provide theoretical basis to rational utilization of manure and soil fertility improvement in coal mining area. Cattle manure and pig manure were mixed with soils subjected to different reclaimed years (one year, R1; 10 years, R10; and 30 years, R30) at the ratio of manure carbon to soil mass of 4 to 100, so as to examine manure decomposition characteristics using the nylon mesh bag (15 cm deep of soil buried) in the Shanxi coal mine reclamation area, with no manure addition as control (CK). Soil samples were collected at day 12, 23, 55, 218, 281, and 365 to measure the contents of soil manure residual, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The contributions of soil properties, manure properties, and hydrothermal condition to manure decomposition were quantified. The results showed that the decomposition rates of pig manure were significantly higher than cattle manure. The humification coefficient of pig manure (average 46.3%) was lower than that of cattle manure (average 71.7%). The humification coefficient of pig manure was significantly lower in the 30-year reclaimed soil (44.5%) compared to the 1-year and 10-year reclaimed soil (average 47.2%). There was no significant difference in the humification coefficient of cattle manure among the three reclaimed soils. The proportion and decomposition rate constant of labile carbon pool of pig manure and cattle manure were significantly different, with values of 52% and 26%, and 0.00085 and 0.00074 ℃-1, respectively. The positive effect of pig manure on MBC and DOC in reclaimed soil was significantly higher than that of cattle manure over 0-218 days, but no difference over 281-365 days. The magnitude of the enhancement of MBC and DOC in those three reclaimed soils after manure amendments showed a similar trend of R1 >R10 ≈ R30. Results of variance partitioning analysis showed that manure decomposition was mainly controlled by manure properties (17.9%) when considering soil properties, manure properties, and hydrothermal condition. In conclusion, the decomposition of pig manure but not cattle manure was regulated by reclamation year. Cattle manure, with higher humification coefficient than pig manure, was recommended for reclaimed mining area to improve soil fertility.

Key words: manure, reclaimed soil, decomposition rate, labile carbon and nitrogen fractions, hydrothermal condition