欢迎访问《应用生态学报》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

应用生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 537-543.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202202.017

• • 上一篇    下一篇

基于多角度成像光谱仪(MISR)数据的中国野火烟羽喷射高度

王文佳, 张启兴*, 张永明   

  1. 中国科学技术大学, 火灾科学国家重点实验室, 合肥 230026
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-07 修回日期:2021-11-25 出版日期:2022-02-15 发布日期:2022-08-15
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: qixing@ustc.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:王文佳, 女, 1995年生, 博士研究生。主要从事卫星遥感野火排放观测及特性分析研究。E-mail: wwjia@mail.ustc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1511600)和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(WK2320000052)资助。

Wildfire smoke injection heights in China based on multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR) observations

WANG Wen-jia, ZHANG Qi-xing*, ZHANG Yong-ming   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
  • Received:2021-08-07 Revised:2021-11-25 Online:2022-02-15 Published:2022-08-15

摘要: 烟羽喷射高度是烟气羽流运动一个关键驱动因素,决定了烟气气溶胶在大气中的寿命、顺风运输扩散路径及其对大气环境的影响程度。本研究对最新的多角度成像光谱仪(MISR)野火烟羽高度数据库中的原始数据进行提取和处理,获取中国区域的野火羽流高度相关参数,采用统计分析的方法研究野火烟羽喷射高度的变化情况,探究了火灾特征(燃烧生物质类型和火灾辐射功率)对烟羽喷射高度的影响,并根据高喷射烟羽比例和烟羽气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)值分析野火烟羽喷射高度对大气环境的影响。结果表明: 我国野火烟羽喷射高度分布在345~7719 m。其中,57.1%的烟羽喷射高度分布在500~1000 m,除了一组大型草原火灾烟羽喷射高度异常高以外,其余野火烟羽喷射高度均低于3000 m。燃烧的生物质类型是影响烟羽喷射高度的一个重要因素,其中,森林火灾产生的烟羽喷射高度最高且高度变化最强烈。野火烟羽喷射高度会随火灾辐射功率值增加而增加,但有明显的离散(R2=0.19)。通过设定简化阈值可以得到,我国野火产生的可能造成远距离传输污染的高喷射烟羽比例为10.5%。结合烟气气溶胶光学厚度进行分析可知,虽然农田燃烧的平均烟羽喷射高度最低,但产生的区域污染值最大。相比之下,森林火灾虽然能够产生最高的烟羽喷射高度,但烟羽具有较低的平均AOD值,这意味着森林火灾对区域大气环境的污染强度相对较弱。

关键词: 野火, 烟羽喷射高度, 多角度成像光谱仪(MISR), 火灾辐射功率, 大气环境

Abstract: Smoke injection height is a key driving factor for plume transport, which determines the lifetime of smoke aerosol in the atmosphere, transport path and diffusion along with the wind, and impacts on atmospheric environment. In this study, raw data obtained from the latest multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR) plume height project was extracted and analzyed. The variation of smoke injection heights of wildfire in China was investigated with statistical analysis methods. The effects of fire characteristics (combustion biomass type and fire radiative power) on the smoke injection height were explored. Meanwhile, the influence of smoke injection heights on the atmospheric environment was discussed based on the proportion of higher injection height plumes and the value of smoke aerosol optical depth (AOD). The results showed that smoke injection heights from wildfire ranged from 345 to 7719 m, with 57.1% of which ranging from 500 to 1000 m. Except for an abnormally high value of smoke injection height from a large grassland fire, the rest of smoke injection heights were lower than 3000 m. The biomass type for combustion was an important factor affecting smoke injection heights. The injection heights of the plume caused by forest fire were the highest and had the greatest variability. Smoke injection heights increased with the fire radiation power, but with obvious dispersion (R2=0.19). By setting a simple threshold, the proportion of higher injection plumes which might cause long-distance transportation of air pollutants in China was 10.5%. Combined with the analysis of smoke AOD, it was found that the average smoke injection height from cropland burning was the lowest, but their smoke caused the highest regional air pollution. In contrast, although forest fires could produce the highest smoke injection height, their smoke had a lower average value of AOD, which indicated a relatively weak impact of forest fires on regional air quality.

Key words: wildfire, smoke injection height, multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR), fire radiative power, atmospheric environment