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应用生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 1352-1362.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202202.018

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

干热河谷区不同坡位土壤水分对降雨的响应特征

石春茂1,2, 罗娅1,2*, 杨胜天3,4, 周秋文1,2, 余军林5, 刘洋1,2   

  1. 1贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 贵阳 550025;
    2贵州省喀斯特山地生态环境国家重点实验室培育基地, 贵阳 550025;
    3贵州师范大学生态文明学院, 贵阳 550025;
    4北京师范大学水科学研究院, 北京 100875;
    5贵州省水利科学研究院, 贵阳 550001
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-29 接受日期:2021-11-26 出版日期:2022-05-15 发布日期:2022-11-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: luoya2002@163.com
  • 作者简介:石春茂, 男, 1995年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事生态水文遥感与水土资源保护研究。E-mail: 130107966@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金委员会-贵州省人民政府喀斯特科学研究中心项目(U1812401)、贵州省普通高等学校科技拔尖人才支持计划项目(黔教合KY[2018]042)、贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]4Y016)、贵州省2019年度哲学社会科学规划重点课题(19GZZD07)、贵州省水利科技项目(2020ZC01)和贵州省水利科技经费项目(KT202108)资助。

Responses of soil moisture at different slope positions to rainfall in dry-hot valley

SHI Chun-mao1,2, LUO Ya1,2*, YANG Sheng-tian3,4, ZHOU Qiu-wen1,2, YU Jun-lin5, LIU Yang1,2   

  1. 1School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China;
    2State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Karst Mountain Ecology Environment of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, China;
    3Academy of Ecological Civilization, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China;
    4College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal Univer-sity, Beijng 100875, China;
    5Guizhou Provincial Water Conservancy Research Institute, Guiyang 550001, China
  • Received:2021-07-29 Accepted:2021-11-26 Online:2022-05-15 Published:2022-11-15

摘要: 研究干热河谷地区土壤水分在降雨过程中的短时动态变化,有助于揭示该地区的土壤水文功能。本研究选取贵州花江干热河谷作为研究区,运用原位监测法,获取不同坡位的高频土壤水分监测数据,分析土壤水分对降雨的短时动态响应特征。结果表明: 在整个监测期间,无论是坡上还是坡中,研究区各层土壤水分均为中等变异水平(15.2%≤变异系数CV≤29.7%),坡上土壤水分的波动幅度(CV=21.1%)大于坡中(CV=19.1%),0~5 cm土层(CV=26.2%)大于20~40 cm土层(CV=16.5%)。与坡中相比,坡上土壤水分对降雨的响应速度更快,降雨对土壤水分的补给量大、补给速率快;坡上的土壤水分补给速率与消退速率之差(2.3%·h-1)大于坡中(1.8%·h-1)。随土层深度增加,下层土壤水分对降雨的响应早于或同步于上层,降雨对土壤水分的补给量减少、补给速率减慢,土壤水分的消退速率也减慢。与坡中相比,坡上土壤水分入渗能力更强,保水能力更优。干热河谷的微观环境和小气候影响土壤水分对降雨的响应特征,而岩-土界面优先流的快速补给则会加快下层土壤水分对降雨的响应速度,使得该地区的坡面更容易形成混合产流机制。

关键词: 土壤水分, 降雨, 坡位, 干热河谷

Abstract: The study of short-term dynamics of soil moisture in the dry-hot valley area during rainfall process will help identify soil hydrological function. In this study, we analyzed the short-term responses of soil moisture to rainfall in Huajiang dry-hot valley of Guizhou, using in-situ monitoring method to yield high-frequency soil moisture monitoring data of different slope positions. The results showed that, during the whole monitoring period, soil moisture at each layer was at a moderate variation level (15.2%≤coefficient of variation CV≤29.7%), for both upper slope and middle slope. The fluctuation range of soil moisture of the upper slope (CV=21.1%) was greater than that of the middle slope (CV=19.1%), and that of the 0-5 cm soil layer (CV=26.2%) was greater than 20-40 cm layer (CV=16.5%). Compared with the middle slope, soil moisture of the upper slope had a faster response to rainfall. The supplement amount of rainfall was bigger and the supplement speed of rainfall was faster at the upper slope than that at the middle slope. The difference between the supplement speed and the depletion speed of soil moisture of the upper slope (2.3%·h-1) was greater than that of the middle slope (1.8%·h-1). With the increase of soil depth, the responses of soil moisture to rainfall in subsoil layer was earlier or synchronous with that in topsoil layer. When the supplement amount of soil moisture decreased and the supplement speed slowed down, the depletion speed slowed down. Compared with the middle slope, soil at the upper slope had greater water infiltration capacity and better water retention capacity. The responses of soil moisture to rainfall in dry-hot valley were influenced by micro-environment and microclimate, and the rapid recharge of dominant flow at rock-soil interface accelerated the response speed of subsoil moisture to rainfall, which made the slopes in this area easier to form mixed runoff generation mechanism.

Key words: soil moisture, rainfall, slope position, dry-hot valley