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应用生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 1037-1044.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202204.016

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同水肥耦合下双季稻氮磷吸收、利用与流失差异

王利民1,2, 黄东风1*, 张秉涯3, 潘住财4   

  1. 1福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所, 福州 350012;
    2福建省农产品质量安全重点实验室, 福州 350013;
    3尤溪县农业农村局土肥站, 福建三明 365199;
    4南安市农业农村局土肥站, 福建南安 362300
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-21 接受日期:2022-02-15 出版日期:2022-04-15 发布日期:2022-10-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: hdf_2169395@126.com
  • 作者简介:王利民, 男, 1979年生, 助理研究员。主要从事水土保持与土壤改良研究。E-mail: gb898@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    福建省公益项目(2020R1025007)、福建省英才项目(YC2019006)和福建省自然科学基金项目(2020J011358)资助。

Differences in uptake, utilization and loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in a Chinese double rice cropping system under different irrigation and fertilization managements

WANG Li-min1,2, HUANG Dong-feng1*, ZHANG Bing-ya3, PAN Zhu-cai4   

  1. 1Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, China;
    2Fujian Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality & Safety, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China;
    3Soil and Fertilizer Station, Youxi Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Sanming 365199, Fujian, China;
    4Soil and Fertilizer Station, Nan'an Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Nan'an 362300, Fujian, China
  • Received:2021-07-21 Accepted:2022-02-15 Online:2022-04-15 Published:2022-10-15

摘要: 为优化双季稻水肥管理措施,在福建省东部双季稻区设置田间径流小区试验,研究了T0(对照,未施肥+常规灌溉)、T1[习惯施肥(273 kg N·hm-2, 59 kg P·hm-2, 112 kg K·hm-2)+常规灌溉]、T2[优化施肥(240 kg N·hm-2, 52 kg P·hm-2, 198 kg K·hm-2)+常规灌溉]和T3(优化施肥+节水灌溉)4种水肥耦合处理下双季稻产量、养分吸收利用及田面水氮、磷流失变化。结果表明: 与T0相比,T1、T2和T3处理早稻稻谷产量显著提高了0.7、1.0和1.1倍,晚稻稻谷产量显著提高了0.9、1.1和1.0倍;T1、T2和T3处理早、晚稻植株地上部分,尤其稻谷氮、磷吸收量增加显著,早稻稻谷氮吸收量分别增加1.1、1.2和1.2倍,磷吸收量增加0.9、1.4和1.6倍,晚稻稻谷氮吸收量增加0.8、1.0和1.0倍,磷吸收量增加0.7、0.9和0.9倍。T3比T1处理早稻氮、磷肥农学利用率分别显著增加71.1%和69.2%,晚稻分别显著增加26.4%和25.0%,但田面水可溶性总氮流失量减少了16.0%,并以硝态氮流失为主;T2与T3处理早晚稻氮、磷肥农学利用率差异均不显著。本试验中的优化水肥管理措施(T3)既能促进水稻氮、磷吸收利用,提高双季稻产量,又能降低早稻田面水氮素尤其是硝态氮的流失。本研究可为福建省东部双季稻区水肥利用管理和氮、磷面源污染防治提供理论支持。

关键词: 水肥管理, 双季稻, 肥料利用, 地表径流, 氮磷流失

Abstract: In order to optimize water and fertilizer use in the double-cropping rice in eastern Fujian Province, a field runoff plot experiment was conducted to investigate rice yield, nutrient uptake, and runoff losses of N (nitrogen) and P (phosphorus) in the T0(no chemical fertilization with traditional flooding irrigation), T1(common chemical fertilizer of 273 kg N·hm-2, 59 kg P·hm-2, and 112 kg K·hm-2 combined with traditional flooding irrigation), T2(chemical fertilizer of 240 kg N·hm-2, 52 kg P·hm-2, and 198 kg K·hm-2 combined with traditional flooding irrigation) and T3(chemical fertilizer combined with shallow intermittent irrigation) treatments. Results showed that early rice grain yield in the T1, T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased by 0.7, 1.0, 1.1 times, late rice grain yield significantly increased by 0.9, 1.1, 1.0 times compared to that in the T0 treatment, respectively. The T1, T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased the uptake of N and P in aboveground parts of the plants, especially in grains. The T1, T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased N uptake by 1.1, 1.2, 1.2 times, increased P uptake by 0.9, 1.4, 1.6 times in early-season grains, and significantly increased N uptake by 0.8, 1.0, 1.0 times, increased P uptake by 0.7, 0.9, 0.9 times in late-season grains, compared to T0, respectively. Furthermore, T3 increased agronomic N use efficiency (AEN) and agronomic P use efficiency (AEP) by 71.1% and 69.2% in early rice plants, increased AEN and AEP by 26.4% and 25.0% in late rice plants, whereas T3 decreased total dissolved N (DN) by 16.0% in comparison with T1. Dissolved inorganic N loss in surface runoff occurred mainly in the form of NO3--N (nitrate N) under different water and fertilizer regimes. However, there were no significant differences in AEN and AEP between T2 and T3 treatments. These findings suggested that optimal applications of water and fertilizers (T3) might increase N and P uptake in rice plants, maintain yield, and reduce N loss, especially in the form of NO3--N in surface water from early rice field. In general, this study could provide theoretical support for the optimization of irrigation and fertilization and for the control of N and P non-point source pollution from the double cropping rice paddy fields in eastern Fujian Province.

Key words: irrigation and fertilization management, double rice, fertilizer utilization, surface runoff, nitrogen and phosphorus loss