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应用生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 2077-2087.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202208.013

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

大兴安岭天然林不同演替阶段共优势种种群结构与动态

董灵波, 马榕, 田栋元, 王涛, 刘兆刚*   

  1. 东北林业大学林学院,森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150040
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-22 接受日期:2022-04-27 出版日期:2022-08-15 发布日期:2023-02-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: lzg19700602@163.com
  • 作者简介:董灵波, 男, 1988年生, 博士, 副教授。主要从事森林可持续经营研究。E-mail: farrell0503@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2572021DT07)、国家自然科学基金项目(32171778)和黑龙江头雁创新团队计划项目(森林资源高效培育技术研发团队)资助。

Structure and dynamics of co-dominant species in different succession stages of natural forests in Daxing'an Mountains, China

DONG Ling-bo, MA Rong, TIAN Dong-yuan, WANG Tao, LIU Zhao-gang*   

  1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
  • Received:2021-11-22 Accepted:2022-04-27 Online:2022-08-15 Published:2023-02-15

摘要: 受林火干扰和采伐等因素的影响,大兴安岭原始林逐渐退化为次生林。本研究选择天然白桦纯林(先锋阶段)、天然白桦-兴安落叶松混交林(过渡阶段)和天然兴安落叶松纯林(顶极阶段)3种典型林分,各设置固定样地16块,采用种群年龄和树高结构、静态生命表、生存分析、动态指数及时间序列预测的方法量化分析共优势种(白桦、兴安落叶松)和乔木树种全体的变化规律,为天然兴安落叶松林的恢复和发展提供科学依据。结果表明:各阶段共优势种和乔木树种全体的幼龄数目均较多,种群具有较强的自我更新潜力,随着演替的进行,各龄级白桦株数逐渐减少,兴安落叶松株数逐渐增多。乔木树种全体和白桦在过渡阶段、兴安落叶松在先锋阶段的死亡率和消失率随龄级的增加逐渐升高,存活曲线为Deevey-Ⅰ型,生存分析结果显示,种群前期平稳,中期增长,后期衰退;在其他阶段死亡率呈小幅度波动,存活曲线均为Deevey-Ⅱ型,种群具有前期增长、中期衰退、后期稳定的特点。共优势种和乔木树种全体在3个演替阶段均为增长型,其中先锋阶段白桦、顶极阶段兴安落叶松和乔木树种全体对环境的敏感指数最小。时间序列预测结果表明,各阶段共优势种和乔木树种全体在未来一段时间内均会增长。在森林演替过程中,需加强对幼苗幼树的保护,对盖度大的林分进行疏伐,采取适当的人为措施以确保种群的更新。

关键词: 大兴安岭, 共优势种, 种群结构, 静态生命表, 生存分析

Abstract: Affected by the disturbance of forest fire and logging, the primary forest in Daxing'an Mountains gradually degenerates into secondary forest. In this study, we established 16 plots in each of three typical forests, including natural Betula platyphylla pure forest (pioneer stage), natural B. platyphylla and Larix gmelinii mixed forest (transition stage) and natural L. gmelinii pure forest (top stage). The methods of population age and tree height structure, static life table, survival analysis, dynamic index and time series prediction were used to quantitatively analyze the dynamics of dominant species (B. platyphylla and L. gmelinii) and all the arbors, aiming to provide scientific basis for the restoration and development of natural L. gmelinii forest. The results showed that the abundance of young co-dominant species and total arbors in each stage was large, and that all population had strong self-renewal potential. With the progress of succession, the abundance of B. platyphylla in each age class gradually decreased, whereas that of L. gmelinii gradually increased. The mortality and disappearance rates of total arbors and B. platyphylla in the transition stage and L. gmelinii in the pioneer stage gradually increased with the increases of age class, and the survival curve was Deevey-Ⅰ type. The survival analysis results showed that the population was stable in the early stage, increased in the middle stage, and declined in the later stage. In other stages, the mortality rates fluctuated slightly, the survival curves were Deevey-Ⅱ type, and the population increased in the early stage, declined in the middle stage, and stable in the later stage. The co-dominant species and total arbors were growing in the three succession stages, among which B. platyphylla in the pioneer stage, L. gmelinii and total arbors in the top stage showed the lowest sensitivity to the environment. The results of time series prediction showed that the co-dominant species and total arbors in each stage would increase in the future. During forest succession, it was necessary to strengthen the protection of seedlings and young trees, thin the forest with large coverage, and take appropriate measures to ensure population renewal.

Key words: Daxing'an Mountains, co-dominant species, population structure, static life table, survival analysis