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应用生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 2229-2236.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202208.022

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

1989—2020年长江口九段沙湿地格局演变及影响因素

史宇骁1, 李阳1, 孟翊1, 赵志远1, 张婷玉1, 王栋1, 袁琳1,2*   

  1. 1华东师范大学/河口海岸学国家重点实验室/崇明生态研究院/蓝碳科学与技术研究中心, 上海 200241;
    2长江三角洲河口湿地生态系统教育部/上海市野外科学观测研究站, 上海 202162
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-08 接受日期:2022-05-20 出版日期:2022-08-15 发布日期:2023-02-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: lyuan@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:史宇骁, 男, 1994年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事河口湿地结构与功能研究。E-mail: 51193904036@stu.ecnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41876093)、上海市科委项目(21DZ1201803,21DZ1201700)和华东师范大学“生态+”项目资助。

Pattern evolution and impact factor of Jiuduansha Wetland at the Yangtze Estuary during 1989-2020

SHI Yu-xiao1, LI Yang1, MENG Yi1, ZHAO Zhi-yuan1, ZHANG Ting-yu1, WANG Dong1, YUAN Lin1,2*   

  1. 1East China Normal University/State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research/Institute of Eco-Chongming/Center for Blue Carbon Science and Technology, Shanghai 200241, China;
    2Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai, Shanghai 202162, China
  • Received:2021-10-08 Accepted:2022-05-20 Online:2022-08-15 Published:2023-02-15

摘要: 河口湿地受流域和海洋环境变化及人类活动的共同影响,脆弱而敏感,演变机制复杂。九段沙湿地是长江河口面积最大的河口沙洲湿地,受流域来沙减少和外来物种互花米草入侵的影响,其湿地格局正在经历快速演变。本研究通过遥感解译、野外调查、地形资料分析等方法,分析了1989—2020年九段沙湿地格局演变过程,结合大通水文站的水文数据和九段沙互花米草入侵历史,重点分析了流域减沙和互花米草入侵对九段沙湿地的影响。结果表明: 1991年以来,九段沙湿地总面积(-5 m以上)先增后减,在2005年湿地总面积最大(421.16 km2);1989—2020年,九段沙0 m以上潮滩湿地和湿地植被面积呈持续增长趋势,分别增加了1.5和47.1倍;流域来沙减少导致九段沙0 m以上潮滩湿地面积和植被面积的增速下降,而-5 m以上湿地总面积呈减少趋势;1997年以来引种外来物种互花米草的快速扩张已严重侵占了本地物种的生存空间,成为九段沙湿地中面积最大的优势植物。流域减沙和互花米草入侵正导致九段沙湿地结构发生快速演变,为避免其生态服务功能退化,应积极采取湿地保护和修复措施,维持九段沙湿地生态系统的稳定与健康发展。

关键词: 河口湿地, 长江口, 九段沙, 流域减沙, 互花米草

Abstract: Affected by the changes of drainage basin and marine environment and human activities, estuarine wetland is fragile, sensitive, and complex in evolution. Jiuduansha Wetland is the largest estuarine shoal wetland in the Yangtze Estuary, and is undergoing rapid changes due to the reduction of sediment inputs and the invasion of alien species Spartina alterniflora. In this study, the changes of Jiuduansha Wetland from 1989 to 2020 were analyzed through remote sensing interpretation, field investigation, and topographic data analysis. The impacts of watershed sediment reduction and S. alterniflora invasion on Jiuduansha Wetland were analyzed based on the hydrological data of Datong station and the invasion history of S. alterniflora. The results showed that the total area of Jiuduansha Wetland (above -5 m) first increased and then decreased since 1991, reaching its maximum in 2005 (421.16 km2). The area of tidal flat wetland (above 0 m) and wetland vegetation increased continuously from 1989 to 2020, with 1.5 times and 47.1 times increases, respectively. The decreases of sediment supply led to a decrease in the total area of Jiuduansha Wetland (above -5 m) and a decrease growth rate of tidal flat wetland area above 0 m and vege-tation area. The invasive species S. alterniflora had expanded rapidly, occupied the space of native species, and became the dominant species in Jiuduansha Wetland since it was introduced in 1997. Sediment reduction and S. alterniflora invasion had led to the rapid changes of Jiuduansha Wetland structure. In order to avoid the degradation of ecological service, wetland protection and restoration should be taken to maintain the stability and health of Jiu-duansha Wetland.

Key words: estuarine wetland, Yangtze Estuary, Jiuduansha, basin sediment reduction, Spartina alterniflora