环境中的黑色微塑料——轮胎磨损颗粒的来源、迁移扩散及环境风险

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202208.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来,随着汽车人均保有量的持续增长,轮胎在道路上磨损产生的轮胎磨损颗粒也在各种环境介质中被广泛发现,其环境行为和效应已引起广泛关注。这些微、纳米级轮胎磨损颗粒在道路上产生后,会飘散到大气或随雨水、径流进入周边土壤、河流,部分甚至流入海洋。轮胎磨损颗粒的存在会显著影响环境中有机物的构成,同时其载带的重金属和有机添加剂的释放也会对环境生物及人体健康产生潜在危害。本文总结了近年来有关轮胎磨损颗粒的来源、特征,在水体、大气和土壤环境中的迁移扩散,分析了其环境影响和生态风险,探讨了轮胎磨损颗粒污染研究中亟待解决的关键问题和防治措施。

关键词: 轮胎磨损颗粒, 微塑料, 迁移扩散, 环境影响, 生态风险

Abstract: With the continuous growth of vehicle per capita in recent years, tire wear particles (TWP) produced by tire wear on roads have been widely found in various environmental media, whose environmental behavior and effects have attracted extensive attention. After being produced, these microsized and nanosized TWP will drift into the atmosphere or enter the surrounding soil, rivers, and even into the ocean with rain and runoff. The existence of TWP significantly affects the composition of organic materials in the environment. Meanwhile, the release of heavy metals and organic additives from TWP will be harmful to organisms and human health. We summarized the sources and characteristics of TWP, their migration and diffusion in water, atmosphere, and soil environment. By analyzing the environmental impacts and ecological risks of TWP pollution, we proposed the key questions urgently to be solved and prevention measures.

Key words: tire wear particle, microplastic, migration and diffusion, environmental impact, ecological risk

陈瑶, 刘金, 张颖昕, 李佳旸, 李桂菊. 环境中的黑色微塑料——轮胎磨损颗粒的来源、迁移扩散及环境风险[J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(8): 2260-2270.

CHEN Yao, LIU Jin, ZHANG Ying-xin, LI Jia-yang, LI Gui-ju. Black microplastics in the environment: Origin, transport and risk of tire wear particles[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2022, 33(8): 2260-2270.

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