密云水库上游油松人工水源涵养林林下植物多样性与土壤理化特性

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202209.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以密云水库上游丰宁县4种油松人工水源涵养林(油松×落叶松混交林、油松×蒙古栎混交林、油松×山杏混交林、油松纯林)为对象,研究林下植物多样性与土壤理化性质特征,分析林下植物多样性与土壤因子的相关关系。结果表明: 4种人工水源涵养林林下植物群落组成结构差异显著,油松×山杏混交林林下植物群落物种组成最为丰富,绣线菊、虎榛子和披针薹草为主要优势种。从物种丰富度指数、Simpson优势度指数、Shannon多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数来看,油松×山杏混交林林下整体植物多样性水平最高,灌木层和草本层植物多样性分别以油松×蒙古栎混交林和油松×山杏混交林最高。4种人工水源涵养林之间除全磷外其他各理化指标均差异显著,油松×山杏混交林土壤理化性质总体最优,油松×蒙古栎混交林最差。土壤毛管孔隙度、pH、有机质为灌木层植物多样性的主要影响因子,土壤pH、毛管持水量为草本层植物多样性的主要影响因子。营造油松×山杏混交林更有利于提高林下植物多样性并促进土壤改良,土壤pH、有机质、毛管孔隙度、毛管持水量为影响研究区林下植物多样性的主导土壤因子。

关键词: 水源涵养林, 混交林, 林下植物多样性, 土壤理化性质

Abstract: We examined the characteristics of understory plant diversity and physicochemical properties and analyzed the correlation between understory plant diversity and soil factors across four Pinus tabuliformis artificial water conservation forests (P. tabuliformis × Larix gmelinii plantation, P. tabuliformis × Quercus mongolica plantation, P. tabuliformis × Armeniaca sibirica plantation, and P. tabuliformis plantation) in Fengning County, upstream of Miyun reservoir. The results showed that the composition and structure of understory community of the four forests were significantly different. The understory community in the P. tabuliformis × A. sibirica plantation was the richest in species composition, with Spiraea salicifolia, Ostryopsis davidiana, and Carex lanceolata as the main dominant species. In terms of species richness, Simpson index, Shannon diversity index, and Pielou index, plant diversity in the P. tabuliformis × A. sibirica plantation was the highest. Species diversity in the shrub layer and the herb layer was the highest in the P. tabuliformis × Q. mongolica plantation and the P. tabuliformis × Q. mongolica plantation, respectively. All physical and chemical indicators except total phosphorus differed significantly among the four forests. Soil physical and chemical properties of the P. tabuliformis × A. sibirica plantation were the best overall, and that in the P. tabuliformis × Q. mongolica plantation was the worst. Soil capillary porosity, pH, and organic matter were the main factors affecting species diversity in the shrub layer, while soil pH and capillary moisture capacity were the main factors affecting plant species diversity in the herb layer. The construction of P. tabuliformis × A. sibirica plantation was more conducive to increasing the diversity of understory plants and promoting soil improvement. Soil pH, organic matter, capillary porosity, and capillary moisture capacity were the dominant soil factors affecting the diversity of understory plants in the study area.

Key words: water conservation forest, mixed forest, understory plant diversity, soil physicochemical property

高军, 杨建英, 史常青, 公博, 刘子敬. 密云水库上游油松人工水源涵养林林下植物多样性与土壤理化特性[J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(9): 2305-2313.

GAO Jun, YANG Jian-ying, SHI Chang-qing, GONG Bo, LIU Zi-jing. Understory plant diversity and soil physicochemical properties of Pinus tabuliformis artificial water conservation forests in the upper reaches of Miyun Reservoir, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2022, 33(9): 2305-2313.

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