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应用生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 2557-2562.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202209.017

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不同天气条件下青头潜鸭越冬期行为的响应模式

李浙1, 张琦1, 吴庆明1*, 高晓冬2, Ngo Thi Kieu Trang1, 徐卓3   

  1. 1东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院, 哈尔滨 150040;
    2曲阜师范大学生命科学学院, 山东曲阜 273165;
    3黑龙江扎龙国家级自然保护区管理局, 黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161000
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-20 接受日期:2022-06-14 出版日期:2022-09-15 发布日期:2023-03-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: qingmingwu@126.com
  • 作者简介:李 浙, 女, 1995年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事鹤类生态学研究。E-mail: lizhe05soul@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk1200)和教育部中央高校基本科研业务费(2572019BE04)资助。

Behavioral response pattern of Aythya baeri under different weather conditions during wintering

LI Zhe1, ZHANG Qi1, WU Qing-ming1*, GAO Xiao-dong2, Ngo Thi Kieu Trang1, XU Zhuo3   

  1. 1College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
    2College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China;
    3Heilongjiang Zhalong National Nature Reserve, Qiqihaer 161000, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2021-07-20 Accepted:2022-06-14 Online:2022-09-15 Published:2023-03-15

摘要: 2018年11—12月在河南民权国家湿地公园,采用定点观察法、扫描取样法对越冬青头潜鸭在不同天气条件下的行为响应模式进行研究。结果表明: 在晴天,静息、飞行、运动是青头潜鸭越冬期的优势行为(65.5%),觅食、修整是次要行为(31.9%);行为节律表现为上午觅食、中午静息、下午觅食修整;飞行通常发生在觅食高峰前,运动行为多与其他行为相伴,其时间分配与觅食呈正响应,与静息呈负响应。相较于晴天,阴雨天青头潜鸭增加了对静息和觅食的时间分配,静息、觅食和运动为阴雨天的主要行为(76.5%),修整、飞行为次要行为(20.3%);觅食和静息的高峰时段后移,傍晚时达到高峰,飞行和修整时间显著减少。与晴天相比,雾霭天青头潜鸭静息、觅食、运动和修整的时间分配增加,飞行行为减少;觅食高峰后移至中午和下午,静息高峰后移至下午;静息、运动和觅食为雾霭天的优势行为(70.6%),修整和飞行为次要行为(27.5%)。研究表明,不同天气条件下,民权湿地公园青头潜鸭的越冬期行为在时间分配、行为节律、优势行为方面存在一定的响应;阴雨天和雾霭天青头潜鸭会分配更多的静息和觅食时间,并通过增加能量摄入和减少耗能行为应对恶劣天气。

关键词: 优势行为, 行为节律, 行为时间分配, 天气条件, 青头潜鸭, 民权湿地公园

Abstract: We observed behavior response of overwintering Aythya baeri to different weather conditions by using fixed point-based observation and scanning sampling methods, at Henan Minquan National Wetland Park during November to December 2018. The results showed that, on sunny days, the dominant behaviors of A. baeri were resting, flying, and locomotion (65.5%), the second were foraging and maintaining (31.9%). The daily behavioral rhythm was foraging in the morning, resting at noon, and foraging and maintain in the afternoon. The flying usually occurred before the peak of foraging. The locomotion behavior was mostly accompanied by other behaviors, which positively associated with foraging and negatively correlated with resting. A. baeri increased resting and foraging in rainy days compared with that in sunny days. The dominant behaviors were resting, foraging and locomotion (76.5%), and maintaining and flying were the secondary (20.3%). The peaks of foraging and resting postponed to the evening, while the flying and maintaining were significantly decreased. Compared with the sunny days, the resting, foraging, locomotion and maintaining behaviors were increased in mist days, and flying was decreased. The peak of foraging delayed to the noon and afternoon, and that of resting postponed to the afternoon. The dominant behaviors were resting, locomotion and foraging (70.6%), while maintaining and flying behavior were the secondary (27.5%). In summary, there are variations in time allocation of A. baeri behaviors, activity rhythm and dominant behaviors due to the change of weather conditions during wintering. To overcome the bad weather conditions in rainy and mist days, A. baeri would allocate more time on foraging for increasing energy intake, and more resting time for reducing energy consumption.

Key words: dominnant behavior response, behavior rhythm, behavior time allocation, weather condition, Aythya baeri, Minquan Wetland Park