干旱和林分因子对树木死亡的影响——以美国德克萨斯州东部国家森林为例

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202211.002

应用生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 2897-2906.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202211.002

干旱和林分因子对树木死亡的影响——以美国德克萨斯州东部国家森林为例

闫明¹, 刘青青¹, 刘志萍¹, 奚为民^2*

¹山西师范大学生命科学学院, 太原 030031;
²Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA

收稿日期:2022-04-16 修回日期:2022-06-15 出版日期:2022-11-15 发布日期:2023-05-15
通讯作者: *E-mail: weimin.xi@tamuk.edu
作者简介:闫明, 男, 1974年生, 博士, 副教授。主要从事森林生态学、植物生理生态学、植物种群和群落生态学、菌根生态学研究。E-mail: mycorrhiza@sina.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41801027)和USDA Forest Service Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) Award (19-DG11083150-030)

Impacts of drought and stand factors on tree mortality: A case study of national forests in east Texas, USA.

YAN Ming¹, LIU Qing-qing¹, LIU Zhi-ping¹, XI Wei-min^2*

¹School of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China;
²Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA

Received:2022-04-16 Revised:2022-06-15 Online:2022-11-15 Published:2023-05-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨不同时间尺度、气候因子及林分因子对森林中树木死亡的影响,本研究以美国德克萨斯州东部的4个国家森林中264个重复调查的森林样地为对象,使用近20年来美国森林清查4个周期的数据,估算其在清查周期和年度水平上的树木死亡率变化,并使用广义线性混合效应模型来分析气候因子(干旱强度、干旱持续时间、年均温和年降水量)、树木大小(胸径)和林分因子(树木胸高断面积、林分密度和林分年龄)对树木存活的影响。结果表明: 在重度干旱当年和重度干旱的清查周期中,森林的树木死亡率分别增加了151%和123%,天气干扰(干旱和飓风)和植物之间的竞争是其主要的影响因素;干旱强度(标准化降水蒸散发指数,SPEI)和干旱持续时间对树木的存活具有显著的负效应,年降水量对树木的存活具有显著的正效应;树木胸高面积对树木存活具有显著的负效应,树木大小、林分年龄和林分密度对树木存活均具有显著的正效应,但是大树比小树更容易受到天气影响而死亡;在重度干旱的清查周期中,松树种组的树木死亡率(2.1%)比阔叶树木种组(3.9%)低,天然林的树木死亡率(3.0%)高于人工林(1.9%)。在分析树木死亡率时,需同时考虑个体树木大小、林分因子与气候因子的相对重要性。

关键词: 树木死亡, 广义线性混合效应模型(GLMM), 重度干旱, 标准化降水蒸散发指数

Abstract: To explore the effects of multiple time-scales, climatic and stand factors on tree mortality in forests, we examined the changes in annual and inventory-cycle tree mortality patterns across 264 forest inventory plots in four national forests of eastern Texas. These data were obtained from the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program and the plots had been individually surveyed in four inventory cycles over the past 20 years. The generalized linear mixed effects model (GLMM) was used to explore the effects of climatic factors (drought severity, duration of drought, mean annual temperature, and mean annual precipitation), tree size (diameter at breast height) and stand factors (basal area, stand density, and stand age) on tree mortality. The results showed that tree mortality rates increased by 151% in the particular year with severe drought and by 123% during exceptional inventory cycle during the inventory cycle with severe drought. The major cause of death was weather (exceptional drought and large hurricanes). Both drought severity as measured by standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and the duration of drought had significant negative effects, whereas annual precipitation had a significant positive effect on tree survival. Tree basal area had a significant negative effect, while tree size, stand age and stand density had significant positive effects on tree survival. Trees with larger size (DBH) were more vulnerable to drought than smaller ones. During the exceptional drought, tree mortality rate of pine species (2.1%) was lower than that of hardwood species (3.9%), while tree mortality in the natural forests (3.0%) was higher than that in the pine plantations (1.9%). Our results suggested that it was essential to consider the relative importance of both intrinsic (tree size) and extrinsic (stand factors and climatic factors) factors in analyzing tree mortality.

Key words: tree mortality, GLMM, exceptional drought, SPEI

闫明, 刘青青, 刘志萍, 奚为民. 干旱和林分因子对树木死亡的影响——以美国德克萨斯州东部国家森林为例[J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(11): 2897-2906.

YAN Ming, LIU Qing-qing, LIU Zhi-ping, XI Wei-min. Impacts of drought and stand factors on tree mortality: A case study of national forests in east Texas, USA.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2022, 33(11): 2897-2906.

参考文献

[1] Andrus RA, Chai RK, Harvey BJ, et al. Increasing rates of subalpine tree mortality linked to warmer and drier summers. Journal of Ecology, 2021, 109: 2203-2218
[2] Gause GF. The Struggle for Existence: A Classic of Mathematical Biology and Ecology. New York: Courier Dover Publications, 2019: 15-18
[3] Tilman D. Niche tradeoffs, neutrality, and community structure: A stochastic theory of resource competition, invasion, and community assembly. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004, 101: 10854-10861
[4] Ma L, Chen C, Shen Y, et al. Determinants of tree survival at local scale in a sub-tropical forest. Ecological Research, 2014, 29: 69-80
[5] Fan C, Tan L, Zhang P, et al. Determinants of mortality in a mixed broad-leaved Korean pine forest in northeas-tern China. European Journal of Forest Research, 2017, 136: 457-469
[6] Kraft NJB, Adler PB, Godoy O, et al. Community assembly, coexistence and the environmental filtering metaphor. Functional Ecology, 2015, 29: 592-599
[7] Klos RJ, Wang GG, Bauerle WL, et al. Drought impact on forest growth and mortality in the southeast USA: An analysis using Forest Health and Monitoring data. Ecological Applications, 2009, 19: 699-708
[8] Peng C, Ma Z, Lei X, et al. A drought-induced pervasive increase in tree mortality across Canada's boreal forests. Nature Climate Change, 2011, 1: 467-471
[9] 张昭臣, 郝占庆, 叶吉, 等. 长白山次生杨桦林树木短期死亡动态. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24(2): 303-310
[10] Wu H, Franklin SB, Liu J, et al. Relative importance of density dependence and topography on tree mortality in a subtropical mountain forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 2017, 384: 169-179
[11] 刘万德, 臧润国, 丁易, 等. 海南岛霸王岭热带季雨林树木的死亡率. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(8): 946-956
[12] 代永欣, 王林, 万贤崇. 干旱导致树木死亡机制研究进展. 生态学杂志, 2015, 34(11): 3228-3236
[13] Clark JS, Iverson L, Woodall CW, et al. The impacts of increasing drought on forest dynamics, structure, and biodiversity in the United States. Global Change Bio-logy, 2016, 22: 2329-2352
[14] Moore GW, Edgar CB, Vogel JG, et al. Tree mortality from an exceptional drought spanning mesic to semiarid ecoregions. Ecological Applications, 2016, 26: 602-611
[15] Klockow PA, Vogel JG, Edgar CB, et al. Lagged mortality among tree species four years after an exceptional drought in east Texas. Ecosphere, 2018, 9: e02455
[16] Subedi MR, Xi WM, Edgar CB, et al. Tree mortality and biomass loss in drought-affected forests of East Texas, USA. Journal of Forestry Research, 2021, 32: 67-80
[17] Hoover CM, Bush R, Palmer M, et al. Using forest inventory and analysis data to support national forest management: Regional case studies. Journal of Forestry, 2020, 118: 313-323
[18] Aber J, Christensen N, Fernandez I, et al. Applying ecological principles to management of the US National Forest. Issues in Ecology, 2003, 66: 10-16
[19] Wurtzebach Z, DeRose RJ, Bush RR, et al. Supporting national forest system planning with forest inventory and analysis data. Journal of Forestry, 2020, 118: 289-306
[20] Subedi MR, Xi W, Edgar CB, et al. Assessment of geostatistical methods for spatiotemporal analysis of drought patterns in East Texas, USA. Spatial Information Research, 2019, 27: 11-21
[21] Edgar CB, Westfall JA, Klockow PA, et al. Interpreting effects of multiple, large-scale disturbances using national forest inventory data: A case study of standing dead trees in east Texas, USA. Forest Ecology and Management, 2019, 437: 27-40
[22] Gray AN, Brandeis TJ, Shaw JD, et al. Forest inventory and analysis database of the United States of America (FIA). Biodiversity and Ecology, 2012, 4: 225-231
[23] 叶荣华. 美国国家森林资源清查体系的新设计. 林业资源管理, 2003, 3(6): 65-68
[24] Sheil D, Burslem DFRP, Alder D. The interpretation and misinterpretation of mortality rate measures. Journal of Ecology, 1995, 83: 331-333
[25] 王佳慧, 董利虎, 李凤日. 帽儿山阔叶混交林天然更新幼苗幼树地径-树高模型. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(11): 3811-3823
[26] 毛沂新, 张慧东, 王睿照, 等. 辽东山区蒙古栎径向生长对林分密度和气候因子的响应. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(10): 3477-3486
[27] 沈国强, 郑海峰, 雷振锋. SPEI 指数在中国东北地区干旱研究中的适用性分析. 生态学报, 2017, 37(11): 3787-3795
[28] 王芝兰, 李耀辉, 王素萍, 等. 1901—2012年中国西北地区东部多时间尺度干旱特征. 中国沙漠, 2015, 35(6): 1666-1673
[29] 闫明, 刘志萍, Subedi MR, 等. 特大干旱对树木死亡的复杂影响——以美国德克萨斯州东部森林为例. 生态学报, 2022, 42(3): 1034-1046
[30] 张雄清, 王翰琛, 鲁乐乐, 等. 杉木单木枯损率与初植密度. 竞争和气候因子的关系. 林业科学, 2019, 55(3): 72-78
[31] 朱宇. 典型阔叶红松林树木死亡与物种共存研究. 博士论文. 哈尔滨: 东北林业大学, 2018: 22-34
[32] Guarín A, Taylor AH. Drought triggered tree mortality in mixed conifer forests in Yosemite National Park, California, USA. Forest Ecology and Management, 2005, 218: 229-244
[33] Taccoen A, Piedallu C, Seynave I, et al. Climate change impact on tree mortality differs with tree social status. Forest Ecology and Management, 2021, 489: 2-3
[34] Johnson DM, Domec JC, Berry CZ, et al. Co-occurring woody species have diverse hydraulic strategies and mortality rates during an extreme drought. Plant, Cell & Environment, 2018, 41: 576-588
[35] 罗丹丹, 王传宽, 金鹰. 木本植物水力系统对干旱胁迫的响应机制. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(9): 925-941
[36] 孟盛旺, 杨风亭, 戴晓琴, 等. 杉木径向生长动态及其对季节性干旱的响应. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(10): 3521-3530
[37] Bennett AC, McDowell NG, Allen CD, et al. Larger trees suffer most during drought in forests worldwide. Nature Plants, 2015, 1: 1-5
[38] Liu H, Gleason SM, Hao G, et al. Hydraulic traits are coordinated with maximum plant height at the global scale. Science Advances, 2019, 5: eaav1332
[39] Maggard A, Will R, Wilson D, et al. Response of mid-rotation loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) physiology and productivity to sustained, moderate drought on the wes-tern edge of the range. Forests, 2016, 7: 203
[40] 王乐乐, 周正虎, 金鹰, 等. 东北温带森林20种乔木树种叶片干旱容忍性特征. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(1): 1-8
[41] Klockow PA, Edgar CB, Moore GW, et al. Southern pines are resistant to mortality from an exceptional drought in east Texas. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 2020, 3: 23 https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2020.00023
[42] Fox TR, Jokela EJ, Allen HL. The development of pine plantation silviculture in the southern United States. Journal of Forestry, 2007, 105: 337-347
[43] Domec JC, King JS, Ward E, et al. Conversion of natural forests to managed forest plantations decreases tree resistance to prolonged droughts. Forest Ecology and Management, 2015, 355: 58-71
[44] Comita LS, Muller-Landau HC, Aguilar S, et al. Asymmetric density dependence shapes species abundances in a tropical tree community. Science, 2010, 329: 330-332
[45] 李春明. 基于广义线性混合效应模型的蒙古栎林单木枯损建模及影响因子分析. 林业科学研究, 2020, 33(6): 105-113
[46] Chen HYH, Fu S, Monserud RA, et al. Relative size and stand age determine Pinus banksiana mortality. Forest Ecology and Management, 2008, 255: 3980-3984
[47] Fettig CJ, Mortenson LA, Bulaon BM, et al. Tree mortality following drought in the central and southern Sierra Nevada, California, US. Forest Ecology and Management, 2019, 432: 164-178
[48] Williams TL. Vegetation Community Changes in Two National Forests in the Pineywoods, East Texas. Master Thesis. Nacogdoches, TX, USA: Stephen F. Austin State University, 2017: 4-26

干旱和林分因子对树木死亡的影响——以美国德克萨斯州东部国家森林为例

Impacts of drought and stand factors on tree mortality: A case study of national forests in east Texas, USA.

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 3

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	曹银轩, 黄卓, 徐喜娟, 陈上, 王钊, 冯浩, 于强, 何建强. 黄土高原植被日光诱导叶绿素荧光对气象干旱的响应 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(2): 457-466.
[2]	鲁梦珍, 曾馥平, 宋同清, 彭晚霞, 苏樑, 刘坤平, 谭卫宁, 杜虎. 喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶林个体死亡对空间格局及种间关联性的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(10): 2679-2686.
[3]	张昭臣1,2,郝占庆1,叶吉1,蔺菲1,2,原作强1,邢丁亮1,2,师帅1,2,王绪高1**. 长白山次生杨桦林树木短期死亡动态 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24(2): 303-310.