植物入侵机制的主要假说

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202211.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 植物入侵是最严重的全球问题之一,严重破坏生态系统的结构和功能。随着植物入侵现象日益严峻,要控制和解决外来植物入侵问题,了解和掌握植物入侵机制尤为重要。本文概述了植物入侵的多种机制及不同机制间的协同作用,阐述了植物入侵过程中的化感作用、植物-土壤反馈机制、互惠共生关系,以及植物功能性状和表型可塑性对入侵过程的影响,并对多种机制协同与植物入侵轨迹的关系进行综合分析。根据分析结果将外来植物在侵入地的入侵时间轨迹分为引入、定植、建立和侵入4个阶段,把遇到的各种阻碍和促进因素融入其中,提出外来植物入侵曲线图,有助于未来对入侵植物及其影响的研究和管理。对现有的植物入侵研究方法进行分析,提出现阶段研究的不足以及未来的研究方向和目标。

关键词: 植物入侵, 外来植物, 入侵机制, 协同作用

Abstract: Plant invasion is one of the most serious global problems, destroying ecosystem structure and function. With the severity of plant invasion, it is particularly important to understand the mechanisms of plant invasion in order to control and solve the problem. We summarized different mechanisms of plant invasion and the synergy among them, expounded the allelopathy, the plant-soil feedbacks, the reciprocal symbiosis, the effects of plant functional traits and phenotype plasticity in the process of plant invasion, and comprehensively analyzed the synergy of multiple mechanisms on plant invasion trajectory. According to the results, the invasion trajectory of alien plants in the invasive site was divided into four stages: introduction, colonization, establishment, and invasion. Integrating all kinds of obstacles and promoting factors encountered into it and putting forward the invasion curve of plants would contribute to the future research and management of invasive plants. We further highlighted the current research deficiencies and future research directions and objectives based on analyzing current research methods of plant invasion.

Key words: plant invasion, alien plant, invasion mechanism, synergy

侯清晨, 冯燕楼, 周玉洁, 敖玉梅, 陈春晓, 邢亚娟, 王庆贵, 闫国永. 植物入侵机制的主要假说[J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(11): 3105-3115.

HOU Qing-chen, FENG Yan-lou, ZHOU Yu-jie, AO Yu-mei, CHEN Chun-xiao, XING Ya-juan, WANG Qing-gui, YAN Guo-yong. Main hypotheses on mechanisms underlying plant invasion: A review.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2022, 33(11): 3105-3115.

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