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应用生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 2987-2996.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202211.012

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不同海拔‘凤丹'牡丹籽粒油脂品质形成及代谢相关基因差异表达

史帅营1, 丁熙柠1, 王占超1, 郭香凤1, 张改娜1, 胡永红2, 史国安1*   

  1. 1河南科技大学牡丹学院/河南省牡丹综合利用工程技术研究中心, 河南洛阳 471023;
    2中国科学院上海辰山植物科学研究中心, 上海 201602
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-02 修回日期:2022-08-30 出版日期:2022-11-15 发布日期:2023-05-15
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: gashi1963@163.com
  • 作者简介:史帅营, 男, 1995年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事牡丹栽培生物学研究。E-mail: shishuaiying789@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000500)、河南省科技攻关重点项目(142102110124,222102110357)和河南省气象局科技攻关项目(Z201622)

Grain oil quality formation and metabolism-related genes difference expression of Paeonia suffruticosa cv. ‘Fengdan' grown at different altitudes.

SHI Shuai-ying1, DING Xi-ning1, WANG Zhan-chao1, GUO Xiang-feng1, ZHANG Gai-na1, HU Yong-hong2, SHI Guo-an1*   

  1. 1Henan Comprehensive Utilization Engineering Technical Research Center of Peony, College of Mudan, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China;
    2Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
  • Received:2022-01-02 Revised:2022-08-30 Online:2022-11-15 Published:2023-05-15

摘要: 通过对洛阳地区海拔100、650和1010 m‘凤丹'牡丹籽粒发育过程中形态指标、营养成分和关键基因的表达分析,研究了不同海拔条件下‘凤丹'牡丹籽粒产量性状变化和可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白质与脂肪酸间的转化规律,以及相关酶活性和油脂代谢关键基因差异表达。结果表明: ‘凤丹'牡丹单果籽粒产量性状随海拔的升高而升高,且高海拔‘凤丹'籽粒生长期长于低、中海拔。成熟籽粒中可溶性糖和淀粉含量随海拔的升高而增加,可溶性蛋白质和粗脂肪含量差异不显著。籽粒发育过程中蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性呈现先降后升的趋势,花后90 d活性最低;丙酮酸脱氢酶(PDH)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性均在花后50~90 d快速增加,花后90 d达到最大值。牡丹籽粒中乙酰CoA羧化酶基因(ACCase)和硬脂酰ACP脱氢酶基因(SAD)相对表达量在花后50 d达到最大值,而ω-6脂肪酸去饱和酶2(FAD2)相对表达量在花后90 d达到最大值。籽粒发育过程中可溶性糖和淀粉与蛋白质和粗脂肪的积累呈负相关;SPS活性与可溶性糖和淀粉呈正相关,与可溶性蛋白质和粗脂肪呈极显著负相关;GPT、GOT与可溶性糖呈负相关,与淀粉呈极显著负相关,与可溶性蛋白质和粗脂肪呈极显著正相关;PDH与可溶性蛋白质、GPT、GOT呈正相关,与可溶性糖呈负相关,与淀粉呈极显著负相关。表明牡丹籽粒发育过程中养分积累是由糖类向粗脂肪和蛋白质的方向转化,SPS、PDH、GPT、GOT等在此过程中起重要作用。籽油中的棕榈酸、硬脂酸和亚油酸与亚麻酸相对增量呈负相关,说明牡丹籽油中脂肪酸去饱和过程是向亚麻酸合成的方向进行。ACCaseSADFAD2相对表达量与亚麻酸的相对增量呈正相关,均在亚麻酸合成过程中起重要作用。不同海拔条件下牡丹籽粒油脂品质相对稳定,籽粒生产性能随海拔的升高而升高,故在洛阳中高海拔地区种植油用牡丹是边际土地高效利用的重要策略。

关键词: 油用牡丹, 海拔, 籽粒, 油脂品质, 代谢, 基因表达

Abstract: We measured the morphological index, nutritional composition and the expression analysis of key genes during grain development of Paeonia suffruticosa cv. ‘Fengdan' grown at altitudes of 100, 650 and 1010 m in Luo-yang. The aim of this study was to examine differences in grain yield traits and the transformation of soluble sugar, starch, soluble protein and fatty acid contents, as well as the related enzyme activity and differential expression of key genes in oil metabolism. The results showed that grain yield traits increased with altitudes and that the growth period of grain at the higher altitudes was longer than that at low and mid altitudes. The soluble sugar and starch in mature grains increased with altitudes, while soluble protein and crude fat did not change. During grain development, the activities of sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) first decreased and then increased, with the lowest occurred at 90 d after flowering. The activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease (GOT) increased rapidly during 50-90 d after flowering and peaked at 90 d. The relative expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) and stearoyl-ACP desaturase (SAD) peaked at 50 d after flowering, and ω-6 fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) peaked at 90 d, in oil tree peony grain at different altitudes. There was a negative correlation of soluble sugar and starch with the accumulation of soluble protein and crude fat. SPS activity was positively correlated with the contents of soluble sugar and starch, and negatively correlated with the contents of soluble protein and crude fat during grain development. Activities of GPT and GOT were negatively associated with the content of soluble sugar and the content of starch, and had a highly significant positive correlation with the contents of soluble protein and crude fat. Activity of PDH was positively correlated with the content of soluble proteins and activities of GPT and GOT, and negatively correlated with the contents of soluble sugar and starch. It suggested that nutrient accumulation in the process of grain development of tree peony was transformed from sugar to crude fat and protein, and that metabolic enzymes, such as SPS, PDH, GPT and GOT, played an important role in this process. Palmitate acid, stearic acid and linoleic acid were negatively correlated with the relative increment of α-linolenic acid, indicating that fatty acid desaturation process in the grain development of tree peony was towards the direction of α-linolenic acid synthesis. The relative expression of ACCase, SAD, and FAD2 was positively correlated with the relative increment of α-linolenic acid accumulation, which played an important role in α-linolenic acid synthesis. The oil quality of tree peony grain was relatively stable at different altitudes, but grain production increased with altitude. Planting oil tree peony at mid to high altitudes could be an important strategy for the efficient use of marginal land in Luoyang.

Key words: oil tree peony, altitude, grain, oil quality, metabolism, gene expression